Chapter 9

Question 1

Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 1

Eating disorder involving recurrent episodes of uncontrolled excessive binge eating followed by compensatory actions to remove the food - purging (deliberate
vomiting, laxative misuse, excessive exercise)

Question 2

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 2

Eating disorder characterized by recurrent food refusal leading to
dangerously low body weight - highest mortality rate of psychological disorders

Question 3

Binge-eating Disorder (BED)

Answer 3

Pattern of eating involving distress inducing binges not followed by purging behaviors

Question 4

Bulimia Nervosa vs. Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 4

-Anorexia and bulimia characterized by morbid fear of gaining weight
-Put life at risk to lose weight
-Anorexics proud of their diets and extraordinary control; do not see themselves as ill
-Bulimics are ashamed of the problem and lack of control; secretive about bulimic symptoms

Question 5

Purging Disorder

Answer 5

An eating disorder where people influence their weight by self-induced vomiting, using laxatives, diuretics, or other medications but do not show binge-eating
disorder or other eating disorders

Question 6

Acoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (AFRID)

Answer 6

Type of eating disorder in which people limit their food intake not because they are concerned about weight or body shape but
because they are not interested in eating or food because they avoid certain sensory characteristics or consequences of food eating

Question 7

Bulimia Medical Consequences

Answer 7

-Enlargement of salivary glands
-Erosion of dental enamel
-Electrolyte imbalance (most serious issue)
-Disrupted heartbeat, kidney failure
-Intestinal problems
-Marked calluses on fingers or back of hand

Question 8

Bulimia Nervosa Associated Psychological Disorders

Answer 8

-Anxiety and mood disorders, GAD
-Depression, borderline personality disorder
-Impulsivity (compulsive shoplifting)

Question 9

Anorexia 2 Subtypes

Answer 9

-Restricting type
-Binge eating/purging type
quantity of binge may be small but is a lot in comparison to what they usually have

Question 10

Anorexia Nervosa Clinical Description

Answer 10

-Many bulimics have a history of anorexia
-About half of anorexics engage in binge eating and purging
-Comorbidity with anxiety disorders
-Body mass index (BMI) close to 16 when treatment is sought
-Disturbance in body image

Question 11

Anorexia Nervosa Medical Consequences

Answer 11

-Cessation of menstruation (amenorrhea) ost common indication)
-Dry skin, brittle hair or nails, and sensitivity to or intolerance of cold temperatures
-Lanugo, downy hair on the limbs and cheeks
-Cardiovascular problems
-Electrolyte imbalance

Question 12

Anorexia Nervosa Associated Psychological Disorders

Answer 12

-Anxiety disorder
-Mood disorders
-OCD
-Substance abuse
-Suicide

Question 13

Medical Description of BED

Answer 13

-Associated with obesity
-Similar concerns with shape/weight
-Males; later age of onset
-20% of individuals in weight-loss programs engage in binge eating
-50% of those in stomach surgery (bariatric surgery)
-Many cross over to bulimia
-Binge to alleviate bad moods

Question 14

ED Statistics

Answer 14

-90%–95% of those with eating disorders are women
-The rest male: predominantly minority sexual orientation
-Age of onset: 16–19 years for bulimia, 13 for anorexia; girls at most risk
-Urban areas
-Becomes chronic if left untreated
-Anorexia is less prevalent, but more chronic and harder to treat
-Anorexia is the most fatal of all the disorders we discuss

Question 15

Cross Cultural Consideration for ED

Answer 15

-Immigrants who recently moved to Western countries suffer
-Higher social class
-Acculturating to the Western majority
-Rates are increasing in Eastern cultures

Question 16

Developmental Considerations of ED

Answer 16

-Girls have concerns of gain weight gain at puberty
-Found in children and older adults too
-Concerns about body image
-Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)

Question 17

Social Causes of ED’s

Answer 17

-Sociocultural pressures
-Magazines, beauty pageants glorify “slenderness” More than being healthy
-Collision between culture and physiology
-Standards harder to achieve because size/weight has increased with improved nutrition
-Increase in exercise programs
-Men rated their ideal body weight as heavier than the weight females thought most attractive in men
-Conflict between reality and fashion closely related to the current epidemic of eating disorders
-Weight reduction efforts in adolescent girls are more likely to result in weight gain than weight loss

Question 18

Environmental Causes of ED

Answer 18

-Pressure from family
-Anorexia leads to deteriorating relationships with family
-Dieting produces stress-related withdrawal symptoms in brain
Result in more eating than without dieting
-Fighting biology
Chronic dieting leads to preoccupation with food
-Athletes, dancers, models

Question 19

Biological Causes of ED

Answer 19

-Biological and genetic vulnerabilities
-Heritability is estimated at 0.56
-Low levels of serotonergic activity
-High levels of postovulatory hormones lead to impulsive eating

Question 20

Who’s Most Likely to Have an ED

Answer 20

someone who comes from successful, hard driving , concerned about external appreances

Question 21

Psychological Causes of ED

Answer 21

Young women with eating disorders have:
-Diminished sense of personal control
-Lack of confidence in their own abilities and talents
-Perfectionist attitudes
-Low self-esteem
-Intense negative emotional reactions
-Distorted body image

Question 22

Biggest Cause of ED’s

Answer 22

Socio-cultral Aspects

Question 23

Drug Treatments for ED’s

Answer 23

-Bulimia: Antidepressants, Prozac but not long lasting
-Anorexia: none proven effective

Question 24

Psychosocial Treatments Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 24

-CBT-E: alter dysfunctional thoughts, attitudes about body shape, weight, eating
-IPT: improve interpersonal functioning
-CBT: change eating habits and attitudes about food
-Behaviour therapy: change eating habits
-Family therapy

Question 25

Psychosocial Treatments
Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 25

-Hospitalization for weight gain
-Fear of relapse
-CBT-E
-Outpatient CBT: nutritional counselling
-Motivational enhancement techniques
-Family therapy

Question 26

Psychosocial Treatments
Binge-Eating Disorder

Answer 26

-CBT
-Weight-loss programs
-Self-help procedures
-Treatment to be directed toward bingeing

Question 27

Preventing Eating Disorders

Answer 27

-Eliminating exaggerated focus on body shape, weight
-Educating about food and eating habits
-Promoting a healthy body image
-Countering the effects of the media portrayals of desirability of being thin