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8th grade history > chapter 3 > Flashcards

chapter 3 Flashcards

Expansion and Establishment

1
Q

what did all of the colonies eventually come under the rule of?

A

England

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2
Q

nearly how many people settled in Massachusetts Bay Colony during the first ___ years?

A

10,000; 10

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3
Q

the wave of immigrants is known as what?

A

Great Migration

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4
Q

as more families came to America, especially to New England, the population grew faster. this type of growth is known as what?

A

natural increase

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5
Q

English _____, ______, and style of ________ eventually influenced all the colonies

A

customs; language; government

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6
Q

the Englishmen in the ______ colonies had been ______ in southern England

A

southern; aristocrats

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7
Q

the ______ were from the Midlands of England. They settled in _______, ________. and ____________.

A

Quakers; Pennsylvania; Delaware; New Jersey

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8
Q

Beginning in what year did the Germans come to the colonies?

A

1700s

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9
Q

many of the Germans were ______. They came to America for religious freedom

A

Lutherans

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10
Q

The Scot-Irish made up the _____ largest group of immigrants

A

second

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11
Q

many of the Scot-Irishes were strong ______

A

Presbyterians

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12
Q

There was a strong _____ presence in New Netherland

A

Dutch

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13
Q

The _____, or Protestants, were particularly strong in coastal south Carolina

A

French Huguenots

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14
Q

the first Africans who came to the New World came what?

A

indentured servants

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15
Q

by 1730 what percent of the population south of Pennsylvania was black

A

30

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16
Q

by 1760, blacks made up how many percent of South Carolina population?

A

60

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17
Q

Southern planters discovered their need for ___________

A

cheap labor

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18
Q

most northerners use slaves as ____ in ______ , not as farm hands

A

servants; upper-class homes

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19
Q

with people drawn from so many countries, the colonies truly were a cultural _______

A

melting pot

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20
Q

the undeveloped area at the edge of the settled land

A

frontier

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21
Q

the main north-south highway came to be known as _____________

A

Great Wagon Road

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22
Q

what states did the Great Wagon Road connect?

A

Pennsylvania and North Carolina

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23
Q

the travelers on these trails used _________ to carry their belongings

A

Conestoga wagons

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24
Q

which explorer opened the lands of Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee

A

Daniel Boone

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25
most farmers were ____________, who could raise enough crops and livestocks just to provide their families
subsistence farmers
26
the New England colonies region lacks not only ___________ but also _________ and __________
flat farmland; fertile; abundant soil
27
Many New Englanders looked to the _____ for their livelihood
ocean
28
colonists caught salted and exported _____, especially ____ to the middle colonies, the West Indies, and Europe
fish; cod
29
the middle colonies had many ____ ______
navigable rivers
30
the middle colonies had __________ soil. As a result, they were able to grow cereal grains, such as _____, _____, ______, and ____
rich, thick; oats; barley; wheat
31
the middle colonies were called what?
bread colonies
32
because the soil provided good pastures, the middle colonies began exporting ____
livestock
33
settlers in the west began trapping animals for what?
fur
34
what became the primary activity in the South because of the rich soil and long growing season
agriculture
35
the land along coastal rivers and inlets
tidewater
36
the first important cash crop in the South
tobacco
37
an especially important crop in South Carolina
indigo
38
the largest food crop in all the colonies was ____-
corn/maize
39
on the frontier, Americans could claim ______ and improve it
property
40
as the colonists began to produce extra goods beyond what they needed for their own use, a trade network was created called what?
the triangular trade
41
which city became the most prominent shipping center?
Boston
42
the increased wealth in the colonies cause some _____ anxiety
spiritual
43
a Christian leader, who was concerned that the move from farming to trading would result in __________
Jonathon Edwards; materialism
44
what was one challenge that the colonists still faced
their relationship with the Indians
45
many colonists wanted to convert the Indians to what?
Christianity
46
strongly supported exploration, wrote that the "Westerne discoverie (would) greatley for (the enlargement) of the gospell of Christe
Richard Hakluyt
47
what were the reasons for the colonists wanting to convert to Indians?
- they were concerned for the Indians soul (most important) - most Europeans believed that Indians were inferior and uncivilized believing that God's instruction to subdue the earth meant that the Indians should become settled farmers
48
The colonists believed that if the Indians became more like ______ then what could happen?
Europeans; they could be controlled and America would be a safer place to live
49
which two groups sent missionaries to the colonies
protestants and catholics
50
who spent most of his time ministering to the Indians
Roger Williams
51
a Puritan leader who learned the language of the Algonquin Indians
John Eliot
52
Indians who became Christians lived where?
praying towns
53
what did the Indians learn about in the praying towns?
the Bible and Europeans law, manners, and town life
54
during the worst battle of this war, the colonists ambushed an Indian fort and killed as many Indians as they could
Pequot War
55
the rest of the Indians captured in the Pequot War was captured and sold as what to New England and West Indies
slaves
56
the cause of death for six hundred colonists and three thousand Indians
King Phillip's War
57
one of the worst incidents involving the Indians in the Southern colonies was called what?
Bacon's Rebellion
58
Virginia's governor who tried to keep peace with the Indians
William Berkeley
59
did not think the governor was doing enough to protect those who lived on the frontier, he attacked the Indians despite who's wishes?
Nathaniel Bacon; the governor's
60
during all the Indian wars, both sides _______ each other and made terrible _____
misunderstood; errors
61
as a result of the Indian wars, the colonies and ____ treated the Indians unjustly
U.S.
62
God ordained ________ to rule over mankind by ______ goodness and ________ evil
government; rewarding; punishing
63
each of the three types of colonies licensed by the ____ has different types of local government
Crown
64
name the colonies that were charter colonies
Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island
65
elected their leaders (governors, judges, and legislators)
charter colonies
66
what are the proprietary colonies?
Pennsylvania and the Carolinas
67
the proprietor or his heirs named the governor
proprietary colonies
68
the king chooses the government
royal colonies
69
often in royal colonies, the ______ stays in England and send a _____ ______ to rule for him
governor; deputy governor
70
a local army
militia
71
governors appointed local _________ to try people accused of crimes and settle disputed between citizens
justices of the peace
72
the justice also collected ____, granted _____, recorded _____ deeds, and serve other ____ needs
taxes, license, property, public
73
the colonies financed who by paying taxes?
their governments
74
the main tax was what?
property tax
75
some colonies had what kind of taxes that the citizens had to pay before they could ____
poll taxes; vote
76
who allowed each colony to choose its own _____
Crown; legislature
77
free adult white male property owners who could vote for representatives
freeholders/freemen
78
in New England, the _____ was the basic unit of government
township

8th grade history (17 decks)

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