Chapter 3 Flashcards
(24 cards)
How do fungi eat
They are heterotrophs, and feed by releasing digestive enzimes into their surroundings to absorb digested nutrients into their cells
How many species of fungi exist
Over 100,000
How do fungi work in the ecosystem
They decompose, or break down organic matter, like animal waste, logs and dead organisms. Turkey tail fungus
Are fungi parasitic
Some can be, and feed off of living organisms, like athletes foot
Can fungi be symbiotic
They can form symbiotic relationships w plants
What is the morphology of fungus
Fungal bodies are made of hyphae, cell walls are made of a strong carbohydrate material called chitin. Also have cross walls w pores that allow to flow between cells.
What are hyphae
Tiny threads of cytoplasm surrounded by a plasma membrane and covered by a cell wall, can branch and form an interwoven mat called mycelium
What are mycelium
They function as the feeding structure of the fungus
How is mycelium diff in a large mushrooms
Mycelium form an above ground structure called the fruiting body
What is the fruiting body for
Used for reproduction
What are the two types of reproduction
Asexual and sexual
What happens in sexual reproduction of fungi
Hyphae break off (fragmentation), spores are released, parent cell grows new cell which eventually pinches off (budding)
What happens in sexual reproduction
Hyphae have 2 sexes(+ and -), they fuse together and form a zygo spore, the zygo spore releases spores
How many species are there in kingdom animalia
Over a million, in 35 major phyla
What are the characteristics of all animals
Eukaryotic cells, no cell walls, multicellular, heterotrophs, mobility (@ 1 pounds not in life cycle), sexually reproduce an embryo that has stages of development.
How does having a backbone classify animals
Having a backbone is a main characteristic of animal classification
What are animals w out a backbone called
Invertebrates
What is a vertebrate
An animal (from kingdom animalia) w a backbone
What % of animals are inveribrates
95%
What is the flow chart for kingdom plantae
Non-vascular or vascular – seedless plants or seeded plants – naked seeds or enclosed seeds
What are non-vascular plants
Referred to as bryophytes, no vascular tissue to transport H2O and nutrients, grow low to ground in moist hab, 3 major phyla like mosses, first land plants evolved from algea
What are seedless vascular plants
Vascular tissue so can grow tall, moist hab, reproduce spores, 4 major phyla horsetails and ferns, first forests mill. Yrs ago
Seed producing vascular plants are
Referred to as cone-bearing or gymnosperm (naked seed), seeds not protected or enclosed In an ovary, most common conifers like pine and cedar.
Seed producing vascular plants are
Referred to as flowering plants or angiosperm, reproductive structure is flower, angiosperm means flower, ovaries within flowers completely enclose and protect seeds, 90% of all plants are this, includes variety of species from grasses to maples
