chapter 3

Question 1

sensation

Answer 1

brining information to the brain through the senses

Question 2

perception

Answer 2

activity organizing and interpreting the information received

Question 3

weber’s law

Answer 3

stating that just noticeable differences for all the senses depend on a percentage of change in the stimulus rather than on a fixed amount of change

Question 4

absolute threshold

Answer 4

the minimum amount of sensory stimulation that can be detected

Question 5

difference threshold

Answer 5

a measure of the smallest increase or descries in physical stimulus that required to produce a difference in sensation

Question 6

pupil

Answer 6

opening in the iris, where the light comes through

Question 7

iris

Answer 7

muscle that regulates opening, low light becomes bigger, bright light becomes smaller

Question 8

lens

Answer 8

focus the light to back of eyeball

Question 9

retina

Answer 9

back of eyeball, contains 2 kinds of cells

Question 10

properties of light

Answer 10

hue-color
brightness-intensity
saturation-purity

Question 11

nearsighted

Answer 11

myopia, far items blurred

Question 12

farsighted

Answer 12

hyperopia, near items blurred

Question 13

rods

Answer 13

low illumination levels (x20 rods than cones)

Question 14

cones

Answer 14

for bright, color, detail (6 million)

Question 15

optic disk

Answer 15

at the point of entry of the optic nerve, lacking visual receptors and so creating a blind spot.

Question 16

optic chiasm

Answer 16

the X-shaped structure formed at the point below the brain where the two optic nerves cross over each other.

Question 17

three properties of sound

Answer 17

frequency-pitch
amplitude-loudness
timbre- distinctive quality

Question 18

olfaction

Answer 18

sense of smell, epithelium

Question 19

bottom-up processing

Answer 19

data driven

Question 20

top-down processing

Answer 20

concept driven

Question 21

perceptual set

Answer 21

what we expect to see determines what we perceive

Question 22

gestalt principles

Answer 22

figure-ground- background
similarity- alike grouped together
closure- see complete figure

Question 23

binocular cues to depth perception

Answer 23

depends on both eyes working together,
binocular disparity- the farther way from the eyes the object being viewed the less difference between two retinal images

Question 24

monocular cues of depth perception

Answer 24

perceived by one eye alone, interposition, texture gradient, atmospheric perspective

Question 25

interposition

Answer 25

when objects partly block your view of another, your perceive the partly blocked object as father away

Question 26

texture gradient

Answer 26

objects closer to you appear to have sharply defined features and similar objects thats are father away appear progressively less week defined

Question 27

atmospheric perspective

Answer 27

objects in the distance have bluish tint and appear more blurred than objects closer

Question 28

size constancy

Answer 28

as objects or people move father away you continue to perceive the as being about the same size

Question 29

shape constancy

Answer 29

the tendency to perceive objects as having stable shape regardless of changes in the retinal images from different viewing angles

Question 30

autokinetic effect

Answer 30

if you stare at a single unmoving light in a dark room for a few seconds the light will appear to be moving

Question 31

phi phenomenon

Answer 31

several stationery lights in a dark room far flashed on and offing a sequence causing participants to perceive a single light moving from one spot to another

Question 32

ambiguous figures

Answer 32

same sensation but different perceptions

Question 33

subliminal perception

Answer 33

the capacity to perceive and respond to stimuli that are presented below the threshold of awareness

Question 34

synesthesia

Answer 34

the capacity for experiencing unusual sensations along ordinary ones
“colored hearing” and “colored taste”

Question 35

colored hearing

Answer 35

individuals sense colors in response of word

Question 36

colored taste

Answer 36

individuals sees a color and senses a taste

Question 37

esp

Answer 37

extrasensory perception

Question 38

telepathy

Answer 38

gaining awareness of the thoughts, feelings, or activities of another person without use of sense

Question 39

clairvoyance

Answer 39

gaining information about objects or events without the use of senses

Question 40

precognition

Answer 40

an awareness of event before it occurs