chapter 3

Question 1

is one of the most common intestinal bacteria of warm blooded animal,

Answer 1

escherichia coli or E. coli

Question 2

theory that all organisms consist of one or more cells, which are the basic unit of life; all cells come from division of preexisting cells; and all cells pass hereditary materials to offspring

Answer 2

cell theory

Question 3

semifluid substance enclosed by a cell’s plasma membrane

Answer 3

cytoplasm

Question 4

an organelle with two membranes that holds the cell’s DNA

Answer 4

nucleus

Question 5

structure that carries out a special metabolic function inside a cell

Answer 5

organelles

Question 6

a cell’s outermost membrane

Answer 6

plasma membrane

Question 7

a relationship in which the volume of an object increases with the cube of the diameter, and the surface area increases with the square

Answer 7

surface-to-volume ratio

Question 8

plasma membrane protein that helps cells stick together

Answer 8

adhesion protein

Question 9

model of a cell membrane as a two-dimensional fluid of mixed composition

Answer 9

fluid mosaic

Question 10

plasma membrane protein that binds to a particular substance outside of the cell

Answer 10

receptor protein

Question 11

plasma membrane protein that tags cell as belonging to self (one’s own body or species)

Answer 11

recognition protein

Question 12

protein that passively or actively assists specific ions or molecules across a membrane

Answer 12

transport protein

Question 13

community of microorganisms living within a shared mass of slime

Answer 13

biofilm

Question 14

semirigid but permeable structure that surrounds the plasma membrane of some cells

Answer 14

cell wall

Question 15

long, slender cellular structure used for movement

Answer 15

flagellum

Question 16

a protein filament that projects from the surface of some bacterial cells

Answer 16

pilus

Question 17

organelle of protein synthesis

Answer 17

ribosome

Question 18

organelle that is a continuous system of sacs and tubes extending from the nuclear envelope

Answer 18

endoplasmic reticulum or ER

Question 19

makes proteins that thread into the interior of the ER as they are assembled. synthesize polypeptides

Answer 19

rough endoplasmic reticulum or ER = ribosome attached

Question 20

has no ribosome and does not make protein. enzymes make most of the lipids that form the cell’s membranes. also break down carbohydrates, fatty acids, and some drugs and poisons.

Answer 20

smooth endoplasmic reticulum or ER

Question 21

organelle that modifies polypeptides and lipids, then packages the finished products into vesicles

Answer 21

golgi body

Question 22

enzyme-filled vesicle that breaks down cellular wastes and debris

Answer 22

lysosome

Question 23

eukaryotic organelle that produces ATP by aerobic respiration

Answer 23

mitochondrion

Question 24

a double membrane that constitutes the outer boundary of the nucleus. pores in the membrane control which substances can cross

Answer 24

nuclear envelope

Question 25

enzyme-filled vesicles that breaks down amino acids, fatty acids, and toxic substances

Answer 25

peroxisome

Question 26

a fluid-filled, empty-looking organelles that isolates or disposes of waste, debris, or toxic materials

Answer 26

vacuole

Question 27

small, membrane-enclosed organelle; different kinds store, transport, or break down their contents

Answer 27

vesicles

Question 28

organelle of photosynthesis in the cells of plants and many protists.

Answer 28

chloroplast

Question 29

short, movable structures that project from the plasma membrane of some eukaryotic cells.

Answer 29

cilia

Question 30

network of interconnected protein filaments that support, organize, and move eukaryotic cells and their internal structure

Answer 30

cytoskeleton

Question 31

stable cytoskeletal element that structurally supports cells and tissues

Answer 31

intermediate filament

Question 32

cytoskeletal element that reinforces cell membranes; fiber of actin subunits

Answer 32

microfilament

Question 33

cytoskeletal element involved in movement; hollow filament of tubulin subunits

Answer 33

microtubule

Question 34

type of energy-using protein that interacts with cytoskeletal elements to move the cell's parts or the whole cell

Answer 34

motor protein

Question 35

a temporary protrusion that helps some eukaryotic cells move and engulf prey

Answer 35

pseudopod

Question 36

a complex mixture of molecules that often includes polysaccharides and fibrous protein

Answer 36

extracellular matrix of ECM

Question 37

is a type of ECM secreted by cells at a body surface

Answer 37

cuticle

Question 38

are structures that connect a cell to other cells and to its environment

Answer 38

cell junction