Chapter 3 Flashcards
(40 cards)
What are the three types of protein fibers that make up the cytoskeleton?
microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments
Which of the following statements about the cell theory is correct?
All living organisms are made up of one or more cells.
All cells arise from other, pre-existing cells
Drugs called beta-blockers do all of the following except:
bind to the cytoplasmic side of a receptor protein.
reduce outward symptoms of anxiety.
block signaling through adrenaline receptors.
reduce high blood pressure.
bind to the cytoplasmic side of a receptor protein.
In an experiment, you measure the concentration of a polar molecule inside and outside a cell. You find that the concentration is high and gradually increasing inside the cell. You also measure the ATP concentration inside the cell and find that it is dropping. What is your best hypothesis for the process you are observing?
active transport
Which of the following allows the passage of small molecules between animal cells? tight junctions desmosomes nucleoli black holes
gap junctions
Which of the following types of human cells does NOT contain DNA?
red blood cells
What cellular structure makes it possible for a cell to differ structurally and biochemically from its surroundings? phospholipid plasma membrane endoplasmic reticulum nucleus cell wall
plasma membrane
If the solution surrounding a cell contains the same amount of solute as the cytoplasm, the osmotic condition is said to be:
isotonic
An ostrich egg is to a cell as:
a giant sequoia is to a tree.
Correct! The ostrich egg is the largest type of cell, whereas the giant sequoia is the largest type of tree.
What cellular structure makes it possible for a cell to differ structurally and biochemically from its surroundings
plasma membrane
______________ are found in all metabolically active cells and are involved primarily in transporting materials within, into, and out of cells.
vesicles
mitochondria have their own..
dna
Which of the following is NOT true about prokaryotic cells?
They have a circular loop of DNA instead of multiple linear DNA molecules.
They are always single-celled organisms, and they never contain mitochondria.
They have a rigid cell wall instead of a plasma membrane.
They may have flagella, but they never have cilia.
They lack a nucleus, but they do have ribosomes.
They have a rigid cell wall instead of a plasma membrane.
Which of the following statements is TRUE about a plasma membrane?
The molecules that make up the membrane are phospholipids.
It is a rigid structure that protects the cell like a shell.
The molecules that make up most of the plasma membrane are polar at their heads and tails.
It is composed of a single layer of phospholipids.
The molecules making up the plasma membrane are locked in place.
The molecules that make up the membrane are lipids.
The transport of water across a membrane from a solution of lower solute concentration to a solution of higher solute concentration is best described as:
osmosis
Which is NOT true about chloroplasts and mitochondria?
mitochondria break down food energy to make ATP
animal cells don’t have chloroplasts
chloroplasts produce food from sunlight energy
plants have chloroplasts instead of mitochondria
both mitochondria and chloroplasts are involved with energy transformation
plants have chloroplasts instead of mitochondria
Which of the following statements is correct?
Centrioles are structures found in both plant and animal cells.
Centrioles are not found in plant cells, and chloroplasts, cell walls and vacuoles are not found in animal cells.
Animal cells and plant cells are entirely different types of cells, not even sharing a common ancestor.
Animal cells and plant cells share a common prokaryotic ancestor.
Animal cells contain ribosomes, but like prokaryotic cells, plant cells do not.
Centrioles are not found in plant cells, and chloroplasts, cell walls and vacuoles are not found in animal cells.
Drugs called beta-blockers do all of the following except:
block signaling through adrenaline receptors.
reduce the effects of adrenaline on the heart.
reduce high blood pressure.
bind to the cytoplasmic side of a receptor protein.
reduce outward symptoms of anxiety.
bind to the cytoplasmic side of a receptor protein.
The movement of molecules across a membrane from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration is best described as:
passive transport
How do beta-blockers function to reduce anxiety?
The drugs bind to beta-adrenergic receptors and block adrenaline from having any function.
The role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane of animal cells is to:
keep the plasma membrane flexible, especially at low temperatures.
Endosymbiosis
According to this theory, mitochondria and chloroplast are thought to have originally been prokaryotes capable of cellular respiration and photosynthesis, respectively, that were engulfed by a cell that developed into a eukaryotic cell.
invagination
the cell membrane folded in on itself to form inner compartments that specialized to become the membranous organelles
why is it called a mosaic?
The plasma membrane behaves like a fluid because many membrane molecules can move around within their respective layer of the phospholipid bilayer, and it is described as a mosaic because it is composed of a variety of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates