Chapter 3

Question 1

Group of tissue designed to perform specific function

Answer 1

Organ

Question 2

Collection of organs that work together to perform overall function.

Answer 2

Organ system

Question 3

Compartments, particles, or filaments that perform specialized functions in a cell.

Answer 3

Organelles

Question 4

Any of a class of fat related substances that contain phosphorus, fatty acids, and nitrogen containing component. Is essential for every cell.

Answer 4

Phospholipid

Question 5

The fluid in organelles “except nucleus” in a cell.

Answer 5

Cytoplasm

Question 6

No requiring oxygen

Answer 6

Anaerobic

Question 7

Organelles that main sights of energy production in a cell.

Answer 7

Mitochondria

Question 8

Requires oxygen

Answer 8

Aerbioc

Question 9

Organelle bound by its own double membrane and containing chromosome the genetic information for cell protein synthesis and cell replication.

Answer 9

Cell nucleus

Question 10

Single large DNA molecule and its associated protein contain many genes to store and transmit genetic information.

Answer 10

Chromosome

Question 11

A specific segment on a chromosome,& they provide blue print for cell proteins.

Answer 11

Gene

Question 12

The sight of hereditary information in cells. Directs synthesis of cell proteins.

Answer 12

DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid)

Question 13

The single strand of nucleic acid involved in the transcription of genetic information and the translation of that information into protein source.

Answer 13

Ribonucleic acid

Question 14

Process in which DNA is copied to RNA during protein synthesis

Answer 14

Transcription

Question 15

Cytoplasmic particles that mediate the linking together of Amino acids to form proteins. May exist freely in cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 15

Ribosomes

Question 16

The process of which genetic information copied onto RNA dictates the amino acid sequence to form a protein.

Answer 16

Translation

Question 17

U.S. Of DNA information on gene to produce a protein.

Answer 17

Gene expression

Question 18

An organelle composed of a network of canals running though the cytoplasm. Part of which contain ribozymes.

Answer 18

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 19

The cell organelle near the nucleus that processes newly synthesized proteins for secretion or distribution to other organelles.

Answer 19

Golgi complex

Question 20

Membrane bound vessels produced by Golgi complex. Contain protein and other compounds to be secreted by the cell.

Answer 20

Secretory vessels

Question 21

A cellular organelle that contains digestive enzymes for use inside the cell for turn over of cell parts.

Answer 21

Lysosome

Question 22

Cell organelle that destroy toxic products within the cell.

Answer 22

Peroxisome

Question 23

Main energy currency for cells used to promote ion pumping, muscular contraction, & enzyme activity.

Answer 23

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 24

Surface cells that line outside of body, and all external passages within it.

Answer 24

Epithelial tissue

Question 25

Protein that holds different structures of body together. Notably tendons and cartilage. Forms part of bone and on muscled structures of arteries and veins.

Answer 25

Connective tissue

Question 26

A type of tissue adapted to contract to cause movement.

Answer 26

Muscle tissue

Question 27

Tissue composed of highly branched elongated cells that transport nerve impulses from one part of body to the other.

Answer 27

Nervous tissue

Question 28

Heart blood vessels and blood. Transports nutrients, waste products, gases and hormones throughout the body and plays important role in immune responses and regulations of body temperatures.

Answer 28

Cardiovascular system

Question 29

Vessels in lymph that accepts fluid surrounding cells and large particles. Such as products of fat exertion.

Answer 29

Lymphatic system

Question 30

Clear fluid that flows through lymph vessels and carries most forms of fat after absorption by small intestine.

Answer 30

Lymph

Question 31

Fluid extra cellular portion of the circulating blood. Includes blood serum plus all blood clotting factors.

Answer 31

Plasma

Question 32

The fluid that remains after clotting factors have been removed from plasma.

Answer 32

Serum

Question 33

Blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.

Answer 33

Artery

Question 34

Microscopic blood vessel that connects veins to arteries. Sight of nutrient oxygen and waste.

Answer 34

Capillary

Question 35

Blood vessel that carries blood to heart.

Answer 35

Vein

Question 36

The portion of circulatory system that uses a large vein to carry nutrient rich blood from capillaries in intestines and portions of stomach to liver.

Answer 36

Hepatic portal circulation

Question 37

Large vein leaving intestines and stomach and connecting to the liver.

Answer 37

Hepatic portal veins

Question 38

Kidneys, urinary bladder, & ducts that carry urine, removes waste from circulatory system and regulates blood acid base balance, overall chemical balance, & water balance in the body.

Answer 38

Urinary system

Question 39

Tube that transports urine from kidney to urinary bladder.

Answer 39

Ureter

Question 40

Nitrogenous waste product of protein metabolism.

Answer 40

Urea

Question 41

Collections of cells adapted to perform a specific function

Answer 41

Tissues

Question 42

A hormone secreted mostly by the kidneys that enhances red blood cell synthesis and stimulates red blood cell release from bone marrow.

Answer 42

Erythropoietin

Question 43

the body system consisting of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors.

Answer 43

Nervous system

Question 44

The structural and functional unit of the nervous system consists of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon.

Answer 44

Neuron

Question 45

The space between one neuron and another neuron.

Answer 45

Synapse

Question 46

A compound made by a nerve cell that allows for communication between it and other cells.

Answer 46

Neurotransmitter

Question 47

A neurotransmitter from nerve endings and a hormone from the adrenal gland.

Answer 47

Norepinephrine

Question 48

A hormone also known as adrenaline; it is released by the adrenal glands (located on each kidney) at time of stress.

Answer 48

Epinephrine

Question 49

A lipid and protein combination that covers nerve fibers.

Answer 49

Myelin

Question 50

The body system consisting of the various glands and the hormones these glands secrete.

Answer 50

Endocrine system

Question 51

A hormone producing gland.

Answer 51

Endocrine gland

Question 52

A hormone produced by the pancreas.

Answer 52

Insulin

Question 53

Hormones produced by the thyroid gland that regulate growth and metabolic rate.

Answer 53

Thyroid hormones

Question 54

One of the formed elements of the circulating blood system; also called leukocytes.

Answer 54

White blood cells

Question 55

Process in which a cell forms an indentation, and particles or fluids enter the indentation and are engulfed by the cell.

Answer 55

Phagocytosis

Question 56

Defenses that stops the invasion of pathogens.

Answer 56

Nonspecific immunity

Question 57

Function of white blood cells directed at specific antigens.

Answer 57

Specific immunity

Question 58

A site in a cell at which compounds (such as hormones) bind.

Answer 58

Receptor

Question 59

A bro thy, meaty, savory flavor in some foods

Answer 59

Umami

Question 60

Generally the ability to move spontaneously. It also refers to movement of food though the GI tract.

Answer 60

Motility

Question 61

The hollow opening inside a tube, such as a GI tract.

Answer 61

Lumen

Question 62

The main sites in the body used for digestion and absorption of nutrients.

Answer 62

Gastrointestinal tract (GI)

Question 63

The process by which substances are taken up from the GI tract and enter the bloodstream or lymph.

Answer 63

Absorption

Question 64

Process by which large ingested molecules are mechanically and chemically broken down to produce basic nutrients that can be absorbed across the wall of the GI tract.

Answer 64

Digestion

Question 65

System consisting of the GI tract and accessory structures (liver,gallbladder, and pancreas).

Answer 65

Digestive system

Question 66

Any substance that induces a state of sensitivity and/or resistance to microorganisms, or toxic substances after a lag period.

Answer 66

Antigen

Question 67

Blood protein that binds foreign protein | S found in the body.

Answer 67

Antibody

Question 68

Watery fluid produced by the salivary glands in the mouth.

Answer 68

Saliva

Question 69

A starch digesting enzyme produced by the salary glands and the pancreas.

Answer 69

Amylase

Question 70

Fat digesting enzyme produced by the salvia glands, stomach, and pancreas.

Answer 70

Lipase

Question 71

A thick fluid secreted by many cells throughout the body.

Answer 71

Mucus

Question 72

Sphincter between stomach and small intestine.

Answer 72

Pyloric sphincter

Question 73

A mixture of stomach secretions and primarily digests food.

Answer 73

Chyme

Question 74

A circular muscle that constructs the opening of the esophagus and stomach.

Answer 74

Lower esophageal sphincter

Question 75

A coordinated muscular muscle contraction used to propel food down the GI tract.

Answer 75

Peristalsis

Question 76

A moistened mass of food swallowed from the oral cavity into the pharynx.

Answer 76

Bolus

Question 77

Protein digesting enzyme produced by the stomach, small intestine, and pancreas.

Answer 77

Protease

Question 78

A protein like compound produced by the stomach that enhances vitamin B-12 absorption.

Answer 78

Intrinsic factor

Question 79

First segment of the small intestine that receives chyme from the stomach and digestive juices from the pancreas and gallbladder.

Answer 79

Duodenum

Question 80

Middle segment of the small intestine.

Answer 80

Jejunum

Question 81

Last segment of the small intestine.

Answer 81

Ileum

Question 82

The finger like protrusions into the small intestine that participate in digestion and absorption of food.

Answer 82

Villi

Question 83

Intestine cells that line the villi and participate in nutrient absorption.

Answer 83

Absorptive cells

Question 84

Extensive folds on the mucosal surface of the absorption cells.

Answer 84

Microvilli

Question 85

The ring of smooth between the end of the small intestine and beginning of large intestine.

Answer 85

Ileocecal sphincter

Question 86

Small intestine absorbs?

Answer 86

Calcium, glucose, amino acids, fats, vitamins, water, alcohol, bile acid

Question 87

Large intestine absorb?

Answer 87

Sodium, potassium, some fatty acids, gasses, water

Question 88

Product that contains specific types of bacteria.

Answer 88

Probiotic

Question 89

Mass of water, fiber, tough connective tissue, bacteria cells, and sloughed intestinal that pass through large intestine and secreted through the anus.

Answer 89

Feces

Question 90

Terminal portion of large intestine.

Answer 90

Restum

Question 91

A group of two sphincter stop control inner and outer movement.

Answer 91

Anal sphincter

Question 92

An organ attached to the underside of the liver.

Answer 92

Gallbladder

Question 93

A liver secretion stored in the gallbladder and released through the common bile duct into the first segment of the small intestine.

Answer 93

Bile

Question 94

A continual recycling of compounds such as bile acids between the small intestine and the liver.

Answer 94

Enterohepatic circulation

Question 95

The way that genome is marked and packaged inside the cell nucleus.

Answer 95

Epigenome

Question 96

Changes in gene expression caused by mechanisms other than changes in the DNA sequence.

Answer 96

Epigenetics

Question 97

Study of the interactions between nutrients and genetics.

Answer 97

Nutritional genomics

Question 98

Study of how food impacts health through its interaction with our genes.

Answer 98

Nutrigenomics