Chapter 7 Flashcards
(39 cards)
The state in which energy intake is greater than energy expended generally resulting in weight gain.
Positive energy balance
The state in which energy intake is less than energy expended resulting in weight loss
Negative energy balance
An instrument used to determine the calorie content of food.
Bomb calorimeter
The minimal amount of calories the body uses to support itself in a fasting state when resting and awake and warm, quiet environment.
Basal metabolism
The amount of calories the body uses when the person has not eaten in 4 hours and is resting and wake in a warm , quiet environment.
Resting metabolism
Body weight minus fat storage Weight equals lean body mass.
Lean body mass
The increase in metabolism that occurs during the digestion, absorption and metabolism of energy yielding nutrients.
Thermic effect of food (TEF)
This term encompasses the ability of humans to regulate body temperature within narrow limits.
Adaptive thermogenesis
A specialised form of adipose tissue that produces large amounts of heart by metabolising energy yielding nutrients without synthesising much useful energy for the body.
Brown adipose tissue
A method of determining a body’s energy use by measuring heat released from the body.
Direct calorimetry
A method to measure energy used by the body by measuring oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide output.
Indirect calorimetry
Formula for EER
EER=662-(9.53age) + PA * (15.91WT+539.6HT) for male
EER=354-(6.91age) + PA * (9.36WT+726HT) for female
PA- physical activity Men woman 1.00 1.00 Sedentary 1.11. 1.12. Low activity 1.25. 1.27. Active 1.48. 1.45. Very active
Weight (in kilograms) divided by height (in meters) squared.
Body mass index (BMI)
A method of estimating total body fat by weighing the individual on a standard scale and then weighing him or her again submerged in water.
Underwater weighing
A method for estimating body composition that makes use of the volume of space taken up by a body inside a small chamber.
Air displacement
The method to estimate total body fat that uses a low energy electrical current.
Bioelectrical impedance
The state in which energy intake, in the form of food and beverages, matches the energy expended, primarily through basal metabolism and physical activity
Energy balance
The method to estimate total body fat that uses a low energy electrical current
Bio electrical impedance
A high accurate method of measuring body composition and bone mass and density using multiple low energy x Rays
Dual energy x ray absorptiometry
The type of obesity in which fat is stored primarily in the abdominal area
Upper body obesity has a apple shape
The type of obesity in which fat storage is primarily located in the buttocks and thigh area
Lower body obesity has a pear shape
Two offspring that develop from a single ovum and sperm and consequently have the same genetic makeup
Identical twins
Often refers to the close regulation of body weight it is not known what cells control this set point or how it functions in weight regulation
Set point
A region at the base of the brain that contains cells that play a role in the regulation of energy intake, respiration, body temperature and other body functions
Hypothalamus
