Chapter 6

Question 1

The building block for proteins containing a central carbon atom with nitrogen and other atoms attached.

Answer 1

Amino acid

Question 2

Amino acids with a branching carbon backbone; these are leucine, isoleucine, and valine.

Answer 2

Branched chain amino acids

Question 3

Amino acids that can be synthesized by healthy body in sufficient amounts.

Answer 3

Nonessential amino acids

Question 4

The amino acids that cannot be synthesized by human in sufficient amounts or at all and therefore must be included in the diet.

Answer 4

Essential amino acids

Question 5

The essential amino acid in lowest concentration in a food or diet relative to body needs.

Answer 5

Limiting amino acids

Question 6

Amino acids that must be made from essential amino acids in insufficient amounts are eaten.

Answer 6

Conditionally essential amino acids

Question 7

A chemical bond formed between amino acids in a protein.

Answer 7

Peptide bond

Question 8

A group of amino acids bonded together, from 50 to 2000 or more.

Answer 8

Polypeptide

Question 9

An illness that results from a malformation of the red blood cell because of an incorrect structure in part of its hemoglobin protein chains.

Answer 9

Sickle cell disease

Question 10

Alteration of a proteins three dimensional structure, usually because of treatment by heat, enzymes, acids or alkaline solutions, or agitation.

Answer 10

Denaturation

Question 11

Dietary proteins that contain ample amounts of all nine essential amino acids.

Answer 11

High quality proteins

Question 12

Dietary proteins that are low in or lack one or more essential amino acids.

Answer 12

Lower quality proteins

Question 13

A protein digesting enzyme produced by the stomach.

Answer 13

Pepsin

Question 14

A protein digesting enzyme secreted by the pancreas to act in the small intestine.

Answer 14

Trysin

Question 15

The process by which cells break down old proteins and resynthesize new proteins.

Answer 15

Protein turnover

Question 16

Network of one cell thick vessels that create a junction between arterial and venous circulation.

Answer 16

Capillary bed

Question 17

The space outside cells.

Answer 17

Extra cellular space

Question 18

The buildup of excess fluid in extra cellular spaces.

Answer 18

Edema

Question 19

Compounds that cause a solution to resist changes in acid base conditions.

Answer 19

Buffers

Question 20

Food and body compounds made of amino acids

Answer 20

Protein

Question 21

The amount of a nutrient stored within the body that can be mobilized when needed.

Answer 21

Pool

Question 22

Amino acid structure that remains after the amino group has been removed.

Answer 22

Carbon skeleton

Question 23

Nitrogenous waste product of protein metabolism.

Answer 23

Urea

Question 24

A state in which there is no longer a desire to eat.

Answer 24

Satiety

Question 25

A state in which protein intake is equal to related protein losses.

Answer 25

Protein equilibrium

Question 26

A state in which protein intake is less than related protein losses, seen during illness.

Answer 26

Negative protein balance

Question 27

A state in which protein intake exceed related protein losses, for growth.

Answer 27

Positive protein balance

Question 28

A condition resulting from regularly consuming insufficient amounts of calories and protein.

Answer 28

Protein calorie malnutrition

Question 29

A disease occurring primary in young children who have an existing diseases

Answer 29

Kwashiorkor

Question 30

A disease resulting from consuming a grossly insufficient amount of protein and calories.

Answer 30

Marasmus

Question 31

A thin mixture of grains or legumes in milk or water.

Answer 31

Gruels

Question 32

An infant born before 37 weeks of gestation.

Answer 32

Preterm