what two things can trauma come from
-big event of a build up of little events
what does every disorder have
anxiety and depression
what does diathesis mean and explain the stress diathesis model
(diathesis means genetic predisposition) sometimes called the stress diathesis resiliency model
diathesis (genetic, predisposition) stress (stress factors environment) -> help (support system, coping skills) -+> less chance of mental illness but - - > higher chance of mental illness
- event can also occur between help and outcomes
- things in environment can impact diathesis and vice versa
- we need other humans to cope
- diathesis, stress factors and help system give you a lesser chance of mental illness, and the opposite is true for negative
what is the psychoanalytic model
iceberg model, what is seen and known is above water and under water is unconscious things that influence who we are and how we act
what is the Thanatos Principle
just as we have a life instinct (do anything to survive) we have a death instinct (we are aware that we will not be here forever)
- conflict where we preserve life, but know we’re not immortal and this conflict drives us
- theory developed by Freud
- also known as “dual instinct”
what exists in the unconscious area in the psychoanalytic model
1) superego: conscience (moral principles)
2) ego: logical (has defense mechanisms)
3) Id: strong impulses
give an example of id, ego and superego when buying something on amazon
id: i want it!
ego: you dont need it, save your money
superego: there are children starving, spend your money on them
what are the ego defense mechanisms by Freud
repression, denial, projection, rationalization, displacement, intellectualization, regression
what is denial
- refuse to acknowledge outside source of anxiety
- most effective defense mechanism because “nothing happened, nothing to see here”, also most destructive because you erase what’s going on in brain which will result in other problems (physical pain, stomach pain, etc)
- when cures for physical pain dont work doctors send patients to therapy because nothing biological exists
- ex. abusive relationship, substance abuse
what is sublimation
channeling negative impulses into positive accepted behavior
what is projections
attribute unacceptable thing to someone else
ex. you’re mad at someone but act like they’re mad at you
what is repression
prevents unacceptable impulses from reaching consciousness even though they keep coming back, avoid anxiety or sadness
what is rationalization
find a socially accepted reason for behavior that has unacceptable motives
what is cognitive psychology
everything is a thought, have to correct thoughts and everything will be okay (before everything comes a thought)
what is behavioral psychology
everything is conditioning from the environment, no thought
what happened to cognitive and behavioral psychology
both of them were wrong/incomplete, so combined to cognitive behavioral therapy
explain the humanistic existential theory
builds on cognitive behavioral theory
-humans are more than thoughts and behaviors, looks at how people approach life, the value they put on it and life’s meaning
difference between humanists and existentialists
humanists believe humans are naturally cooperative and friendly
existentialists believe humans have total freedom to give meaning to life or not (existential means choices, anything is possible, understanding life)
explain unconditional positive regard in humanistic existential theory
unconditional positive regard (full warmth and acceptance, no matter what they do we love them) makes people more likely to recognize worth as people
- we take this for granted (get it from family, then partner, then give to family)
- we need this to grow and develop
- without it: insecure and lack of autonomy
what is displacement
take unacceptable behavior and take it out on someone else that it’s safe to take it out on (mad at boss, but take it out on spouse)
what is regression
in situation where you can’t express feelings so you regress to earlier developmental stage (throw temper tantrum or cry)
-sometimes when you do this it works (you get what you want), form of conditioning, eventually do this consciously
what is intellectualizaiton
take something important to us and apply rational thought or logic to it
-someone has cancer “well everyone dies eventually”
are ego defense mechanisms okay
to a degree, they exist on a spectrum
what is catharsis
get people to talk about the root of what’s upsetting them and see if it makes them feel better
-used to believe this worked, but studies are showing opposite
