Chapter 3 - Cell Structure And Function Flashcards
1
Q
Aer-
A
Air
2
Q
Ana-
A
Apart
3
Q
Chondrion
A
Granule
4
Q
Chroma
A
Color
5
Q
Cyto
A
Cell
6
Q
Endo-
A
Inside
7
Q
Exo-
A
Outside
8
Q
Hemo-
A
Blood
9
Q
Hyper-
A
Above
10
Q
Hypo-
A
Below
11
Q
Inter-
A
Between
12
Q
Interstitium
A
Something standing between
13
Q
ISO-
A
Equal
14
Q
Kinesis
A
Motion
15
Q
Meta-
A
After
16
Q
Micro-
A
Small
17
Q
Mitos
A
Thread
18
Q
Osmos
A
Thrust
19
Q
Phago-
A
To eat
20
Q
Pinein
A
To drink
21
Q
Podon
A
Foot
22
Q
Pro-
A
Before
23
Q
Ptosis
A
A falling way
24
Q
Reticulum
A
Network
25
Soma
Body
26
Telos
End
27
Tonos
Tension
28
The four concepts of cell theory
1. Cells are the building blocks of life
2. Cells are the smallest units of life
3. Cell are produced from other cells
4. Each cent maintains homeostasis
29
The study of the structure and function of cells is called
Cytology
30
Separates the cell contents from its watery surrounding environment
Cell/plasma membrane
31
Contents within a cell
Cytoplasm
32
Essential for movement of chromosomes during cell division
Centrioles
33
Provides strength and support to the cell
Cytoskeleton
34
Lipid bilayer containing phospholipids, steroids, proteins, and carbs
Plasma membrane
35
Membrane extensions containing microfilaments, increase surface area to aid absorption
Microvilli
36
Long extensions containing mircrotubule doublets; movement of material over cell surface
Cilia
37
Breakdown and recycling of damaged or abnormal intracellular proteins
Proteasomes
38
Function: Protein Synthesis
Ribosomes
39
Vesicles containing digestive enzymes, removal of damages organelles or pathogens
Lysosomes
40
Stacks of flattened membranes containing chambers; functions to store, alter, and package secretary products
Golgi apparatus
41
Function: produces ATP
Mitochondria
42
Network of membranous channels extending throughout the cytoplasm; synthesis of secretory products; intracellular storage and transport.
Endoplasmic reticulum
43
Modifies and packages newly synthesized proteins
Rough ER
44
Synthesized lipids and carbs
Smooth ER
45
Water-loving
Hydrophilic
46
Water-fearing
Hydrophobic
47
Moving ions or molecules across the plasma membrane without any energy
Passive transport
48
Movement of ions or molecules that require the cell to use energy
Active transport
49
The movement of molecules from an area of relatively high concentration to an area of relatively low concentration
Diffusion
50
The difference between the high and low concentrations represents a
Concentration gradient t
51
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
Osmosis
52
Dissolved materials
Solutes
53
An indication of the force of water movement into that solution as a result of solute concentration
Osmotic pressure
54
Solution that does not cause a net movement of water into or out of the cell
Isotonic solution
55
When rbc’s enter a ____________ solution water will flow into the cell, causing it to swell up like a balloon
Hypotonic
56
Cell burst
Hemolysis
57
Rbc’s in a ________ solution will lose water and shrivel
Hypertonic
58
The shrinking of rbc’s is called
Crenation
59
Passive process where hydrostatic pressure forces water across a membrane
Filtration
60
Membrane proteins bind specific ions or organic substrates and carry them a cross the plasma membran
Carrier-mediated transport
61
Compounding passively transporting across the membrane by carrier proteins
Facilitated diffusion
62
The high-energy bond ATP provides the energy needed to move ions or molecules across the membrane
Active transport
63
Carrier proteins existent in all cells that actively transport the cations sodium potassium calcium and magnesium across the plasma membranes
Ion pumps
64
If ions move in opposite directions, it is called an
Exchange pump
65
Ejects sodium ions and recaptures lost portassium ions
Sodium-potassium exchange pump
66
Materials move into or out of the cell I vesicles
Vesicular transport
67
Packaging of extra cellular materials in a vesicle at the cell surface for import into the cell
Endocytosis
68
Produces vesicles containing high concentrations of a specific target molecule
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
69
“Cell drinking”, the formation of small vesicles filled with Extracellular fluid
Pinocytosis
70
“Cell eating” produces vesicles containing solid objects that many be as large as the cell itself
Phagocytosis
71
Cytoplasmic extensions
Pseudopodia
72
A vesicle is created inside the cell and fuses with the plasma membrane and discharges its contents into the extracellular environment
Exocytosis
73
Intracellular fluid, contains solved nutrients, ions, solvable and insoluble proteins, and waste products
Cytosol
74
Internal structures that perform specific functions essential to normal cell structure, maintenance, and metabolism
Organelles
75
Thinnest strands of the cytoskeleton, attach the plasma membrane to the underlying cytoplasm by forming connections with proteins of the plasma membrane
Microfillaments
76
Hollow tubes built from the globular protein tubulin
Microtubules
77
Small, finger shaped projections of the plasma membrane on the exposed surfaces of many cells
Microvilli
78
A cylindrical structure composed of triplets of microtubules
Centriole
79
Move cells through the surrounding fluid
Flagella
80
The process of mitochondrial energy production is known as
Aerobic metabolism
81
Largest most conspicuous structure in a cell
Nucleus
82
Consists of a double membrane surrounding the nucleus and separating its fluid contents
Nuclear envelope
83
Where chemical communication between the nucleus and the cytosol occurs
Nuclear pores
84
Organelles stoat synthesiZe rRNA and assemble the ribsosomal subunits into functional ribosomes
Nucleoli
85
The production of RNA from a single strand of DNA
Transcription
86
The assembly of a protein by ribosomes
Translation
87
Nuclear division
Mitosis
88
Production of sex cells
Meiosis
89
Programmed cell death
Apoptosis
