Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psychology > Chapter 3: Consciousness > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Consciousness Flashcards

(50 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Consciousness

A

All the sensations, perceptions, memories, and feelings you are aware of in any instant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Altered State of Consciousness (ASC)

A

Awareness that is distinctly different in quality or pattern from waking consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sleep

A

innate, biological rhythm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Microsleep

A

Brief shift in brain-wave patterns similar to those of sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sleep Deprivation

A

Sleep loss; being deprived of needed amounts of sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hypersomnia

A

Excessive daytime sleepiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

A

Brain-wave machine; records electrical activity in the brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Brain-waves

A

Vary in Amplitude (height) and Frequency (cycles per second)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Beta

A

(15-40 cps): high alertness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Alpha

A

(9-14): resting/relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Theta

A

(5-8): low alertness/light sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Delta

A

(1.5-4): deep, dreamless sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When an individual closes his eyes but remains awake,

A

his brain activity slows down to a large amplitude and slow, regular alpha waves (9-14 cps)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

During early, light sleep (stages 1-2)

A 
the brain enters a high-amplitude, slow, regular wave form called
theta waves (5-8 cps)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hypnic Jerk

A

Reflex muscle twitch throughout body

that may occur in Stage 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Daydreaming

A

theta activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

During deepest sleep (stages 3-4),

A

brain activity slows down.
There are large-amplitude, slow delta waves
(1.5-4 cps).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

REM sleep

A

After reaching the deepest sleep stage (4), the sleep cycle starts moving backward towards
stage 1.
• Although still asleep, the brain engages in low-amplitude, fast and regular beta waves (15-40
cps) much like awake-aroused state.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

REM rebound

A

Extra rapid eye movement sleep following REM sleep deprivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Functions of REM sleep

A

early in life, REM sleep may stimulate the developing brain

• In adults, it may help process emotional events.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Insomnia

Study These Flashcards
A

Insomnia occurs in 3 different patterns:

– trouble falling asleep – trouble remaining asleep – persistent early morning awakening.

22
Q

Drug-Dependency Insomni

Study These Flashcards
A

Sleeplessness that follows withdrawal from sleeping pills

23
Q

Temporary Insomnia

Study These Flashcards
A

Brief period of sleeplessness caused by worry, stress, and excitement

24
Q

Chronic Insomnia

Study These Flashcards
A

Exists if sleeping troubles last for more than three weeks.

25
Tryptophan
Amino acid (chemical) that produces sleep
26
Somnambulism (Sleepwalking
Occurs in NREM sleep during Stages 4
27
Sleeptalking
Speaking while asleep; occurs in NREM sleep
28
Nightmares
Bad dreams | – Occurs during REM sleep
29
Night Terrors
Total panic and hallucinations may occur | – Occurs during Stage 4 sleep
30
Sleep Apnea
Interrupted breathing during sleep; cause of very loud snoring
31
Apnea can be treated by
Surgery – Breathing mask
32
Narcolepsy
produces sudden daytime sleep attacks, often without warning | – Fundamentally a disorder of REM sleep
33
What We Dream
1. Negative Emotional Content: 8 out of 10 dreams 2. Failure Dreams: People commonly dream about failure, being attacked, pursued, rejected, or struck with misfortune. 3. Sexual Dreams: Contrary to our thinking, sexual dreams are sparse.
34
Why We Dream
1. Wish Fulfillment: Freudian belief that many dreams are expressions of unconscious desires 2. Information Processing: Dreams may help sift, sort, and fix a day’s experiences in our memories. 3. Physiological Function: Dreams provide the sleeping brain with periodic stimulation to develop and preserve neural pathways.Why We Dream 4. Activation-Synthesis Theory: Suggests that the brain engages in a lot of random neural activity. Dreams make sense of this activity. 5. Cognitive Development: Some researchers argue that we dream as a part of brain maturation and cognitive development.
35
Psychoactive Drug
A chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood (affects consciousness).
36
Physical Dependence:
Addiction based on drug tolerance and withdrawal symptoms – Drug Tolerance: Reduction in body’s response to a drug – Withdrawal Symptoms: Physical illness following withdrawal of the drug
37
Psychological Dependence
Drug dependence based on psychological or emotional needs
38
Stimulants
Stimulants are drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions Examples of stimulants are: 1. Caffeine 2. Nicotine 3. Cocaine 4. Amphetamines
39
Caffeine
* Most frequently used psychoactive drug in North America; present in colas, chocolate, coffee, tea. * Increase heart and breathing rates and other autonomic functions to provide energy.
40
Nicotine
* Natural stimulant found mainly in tobacco; known carcinogen * Withdraw may cause stomach pain, vomiting, diarrhea, confusion, tremors * Addictive * Responsible for 97% of lung cancer deaths in men, 74% in women
41
Cocaine
* Cocaine induces immediate euphoria followed by a crash * Central Nervous System stimulant derived from leaves of coca plant * Highly addictive drug – very powerfully rewarding
42
Amphetamine
Synthetic stimulants that excite nervous system
43
Large doses of amphetamines can cause
nausea, vomiting, extremely high blood pressure, fatal heart attacks, and disabling strokes.
44
Hallucinogens
are psychedelic (mind-manifesting) drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.
45
Depressants
are drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions. They include: 1. Alcohol 2. Barbiturates 3. Marjuania
46
Alcohol
Alcohol affects motor skills, judgment, and memory…and increases aggressiveness while reducing self awareness.
47
Binge Drinking
Consuming five or more drinks in a short time; four or more for women
48
Barbiturates
Drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment.
49
Tranquilizers
Lower anxiety and reduce tension | – Valium, Xanax – Rohypnol
50
Marijuana
Effects: sense of euphoria or well-being, relaxation, time distortion, perceptual distortions • It impairs motor coordination, perception, reaction time, and memory. • Psychologically, NOT physiologically, addictive

Psychology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions