CHAPTER 3: Local and Global Communication in Multi-cultural Settings

Question 1

the learned and shared behavior of a community of interacting human beings (stated by_____)

Answer 1

Culture by Charles A. Useem

Question 2

the learned, shared symbols, language, values and norms that distinguish one group from another

Answer 2

Culture by Floyd, 2009

Question 3

a learned system of meanings that fosters a particular sense identity-hood and community-hood among its group members

Answer 3

Culture by Magan, 2018

Question 4

Components of Culture (Floyd, 2009)

Answer 4

1. Symbols
2. Language
3. Values
4. Norms

Question 5

What are the Adaptation to New Cultures?

Answer 5

1. Cultural Integration
2. Cultural Assimilation
3. Cultural Accommodation

Question 6

one group assumes the beliefs, practices and rituals of another
group without sacrificing the characteristics of its own culture

Answer 6

Cultural Integration

Question 7

-private, intimate language reserved for family members or intimate people.

Answer 7

Cultural Assimilation

Question 8

they give up their own ways in an effort to assume the modes of behavior of the dominant culture

Answer 8

Cultural Assimilation

Question 9

balances adopting values and beliefs from the host
culture in the public sphere while preserving one’s parent culture in private life.

Answer 9

Cultural Accommodation

Question 10

attempts to maintain their cultural identity even while they strive to establish relationships with members of the dominant culture

Answer 10

Cultural Accommodation

Question 11

resist interacting with members of the dominant culture

Answer 11

Separation

Question 12

Communicating within and Across Cultures

Answer 12

1. Avoiding
2. Accommodating
3. Forcing
4. Educating – Persuading
5. Negotiating – Compromising
6. Collaboration – Problem-Solving

Question 13

Refusing to engage with cultures that operate based on different ethical principles

Answer 13

Avoiding

Question 14

Adapting to different ethical systems and conforming to practices that differ from one’s own

Answer 14

Accommodating

Question 15

Insisting on conducting business according to one’s own ethical standards

Answer 15

Forcing

Question 16

Convincing others of the appropriateness of one’s ethical
principles

Answer 16

Educating – Persuading

Question 17

Engaging in mutual concessions to reach a settlement

Answer 17

Negotiating – Compromising –

Question 18

Collaboratively working to address issues and achieve mutually satisfying solutions

Answer 18

Collaboration – Problem-Solving

Question 19

Characteristics of Cultures

Answer 19

1. Cultures are learned, not innate
2. Cultures are shared
3. Cultures are multifaceted
4. Cultures are dynamic
5. Cultural identities are overlapping

Question 20

acquired through upbringing and exposure. We think and act according to our cultural backgrounds.

Answer 20

Cultures are learned, not innate

Question 21

cultural norms guide individuals as members of their
cultural groups, emphasizing conformity to group norms

Answer 21

Cultures are shared

Question 22

cultural norms influence various aspects of life, including language, religion, basic worldviews, education, technology, social organization, politics, and law. Practices considered ordinary in one culture may be taboo in another.

Answer 22

Cultures are multifaceted

Question 23

cultures evolve over time due to increased cultural interactions, emerging technologies and shifts in economic conditions.

Answer 23

Cultures are dynamic

Question 24

people often belong to multiple,
overlapping cultures as they engage with various communities

Answer 24

Cultural identities are overlapping

Question 25

determined by who raised you and what their symbols, language, values and norms were.

Answer 25

Enculturation

Question 26

The Nature of Common Cultural Differences

Answer 26

1. Leadership 2. Work Productivity 3. Group allegiance 4. Task commitment

Question 27

cultures may emphasize different forms of power and influence in decision-making

Answer 27

Leadership

Question 28

some cultures exhibit a “ masculine” or “feminine approach in their workforces or family organization

Answer 28

Work Productivity

Question 29

individual-oriented cultures value personal agency, while group oriented cultures prioritize collective well-being

Answer 29

Group allegiance

Question 30

different cultures may place varying importance on tradition and commitment to the group versus individual autonomy

Answer 30

Task commitment

Question 31

Communicating with Cultural Awareness

Answer 31

1. People with different cultural backgrounds think differently 2. Teenagers and senior citizens may have difficulty getting along because their customs and values are so different. 3. People from different cultures and co-cultures differ in how they think and behave

Question 32

Seven Cultural Differences

Answer 32

1. Individualism and Collectivism 2. High and Low-Context Culture 3. Low and High Power Distance 4. Masculine and Feminine Cultures 5. Monochronic and Polychronic Cultures 6. Uncertainty Avoidance 7. Cultural Communication Codes

Question 33

primary responsibility is to themselves *US, Canada, Great Britain, France, Germany, and Australia

Answer 33

Individualistic

Question 34

primary responsibility is to their families, communities, and the companies they work for *Korea, Japan and many countries in Africa and Latin America

Answer 34

Collectivistic

Question 35

people are expected to be direct, say what they mean and not beat around the bush *US, Canada, Israel, and most northern European countries

Answer 35

Low-context culture

Question 36

are taught to speak in a much less direct way for them

Answer 36

High-context culture

Question 37

measures the extent to which individuals are willing to accept power differences

Answer 37

Power distance

Question 38

view power as a fact of life since certain groups such as royalty or the ruling political party have great power and the average citizen has much less *Saudi Arabia, India, Malaysia, Mexico, Brazil, Singapore and Philippines

Answer 38

High power distance culture

Question 39

they believe in the value of equality- that all men and women are created equal *Israel, Sweden, US, Canada, New Zealand, Denmark and Austria

Answer 39

Low-power distance

Question 40

value male aggressiveness, strength, ambition, achievement and material symbols of success. They also value sex- specific roles for women and men *Austria, Japan, Mexico, Italy, Germany and Breat Britain

Answer 40

Highly Masculine Culture

Question 41

members value relationships, nurturance, tenderness in members of both sexes, service to others and high quality of life. People from feminine culture are more apt to compromise and negotiate to resolve conflicts, seeking win-win solutions *Sweden, Chile, Netherlands, Norway and Thailand

Answer 41

Highly Feminine Cultures

Question 42

they view time as a commodity *Swiss, Germans and most US Americans

Answer 42

Monochronic

Question 43

conceive time as more holistic and fluid and less structured *Latin America, Arab part of the Middle East, and sub-Saharan Africa

Answer 43

Polychronic orientation

Question 44

are drawn to people and situations that are familiar and relatively unlikely to take risks for fear and failure

Answer 44

Highly Uncertainty avoidant

Question 45

more open to new situations, and are more accepting people and ideas that are different from their own

Answer 45

Uncertainty-accepting culture

Question 46

3 Kinds of Communication Codes:

Answer 46

1. Idioms 2. Jargon 3. Gestures

Question 47

phrases whose meaning is purely figurative

Answer 47

Idioms

Question 48

specific form of idiomatic communication that often separates cocultures.

Answer 48

Jargon

Question 49

It’s also a language whose technical meaning is understood by people within that co-culture but not necessarily by those outside it

Answer 49

Jargon

Question 50

movements that express ideas

Answer 50

Gestures

Question 51

7 gestures

Answer 51

a. Facial Expressions b. Smiling c. Eye Contact d. Physical Contact e. Gestures f. Vocal Patterns g. Space

Question 52

Guidelines on Developing Intercultural Competence

Answer 52

1. Widen your field of experience by making new contact 2. Learn about history and the experiences and aspirations of people from different cultures 3. Examine yourself for possible stereotypes 4. Look at the world from someone else’s way of looking at and thinking about something, not just yours 5. Work on becoming more self – confident 6. Appreciate cultural similarities and differences 7. Acknowledge the essential equality and value of all cultures 8. Be sensitive and interpret cultural styles of communication

Question 53

Interact with people from cultures different from your own to enhance understanding.

Answer 53

Widen your field of experience by making new contact

Question 54

Study the history, experiences, and aspirations of diverse cultural groups to gain insight and appreciation

Answer 54

Learn about history and the experiences from different cultures

Question 55

Identify and overcome stereotypes and biases, which often result from ignorance

Answer 55

Examine yourself for possible stereotypes

Question 56

Strive to understand how others perceive the world and experience their emotions

Answer 56

Look at the world from someone else’s way of looking, not just yours

Question 57

Increased self-confidence fosters better understanding and relationships with others

Answer 57

Work on becoming more self – confident

Question 58

Recognize both similarities and differences across cultures to establish better intercultural connections

Answer 58

Appreciate cultural similarities and differences

Question 59

Never assume superiority over any cultural group, including minority ones.

Answer 59

Acknowledge the essential equality and value of all cultures

Question 60

Develop the ability to interpret the communication symbols of a target culture, encompassing verbal language, signs, gestures, body language, and customs

Answer 60

Be sensitive and interpret cultural styles of communication

Question 61

The tendency to see your own culture as superior to all others

Answer 61

Ethnocentrism

Question 62

the acceptance of other cultural groups as equal in value to one’s own

Answer 62

Cultural relativism

Question 63

Barriers to Effective International Communication

Answer 63

1. Ethnocentrism 2. Stereotypes and prejudices 3. Stereotypes 4. Prejudice 5. Assumed similarities 6. Anxiety

Question 64

How Culture affects Communication

Answer 64

1. Ethnocentrism 2. Cultural relativism

Question 65

The belief that one's own culture is superior and the tendency to judge other cultures by the norms of one's own

Answer 65

Ethnocentrism

Question 66

Negative characteristics attributed to a group can lead to biases and discrimination

Answer 66

Stereotypes and prejudices

Question 67

Generalizations about a group based on a limited sample of its members

Answer 67

Stereotypes

Question 68

Negative preconceived opinions about members of another group, leading to biased perceptions and discrimination

Answer 68

Prejudice

Question 69

Assuming that all cultures behave like one's own

Answer 69

Assumed similarities

Question 70

Fear or apprehension associated with communication with people from other cultural groups, whether real or anticipated

Answer 70

Anxiety