Chapter 3, Race and Ethnic Inequality

Question 1

Ethnic group

Answer 1

Distinguished by others or themselves on the basis of cultural or nationality characteristics, ex. language, country of origin, adherence to culture

Question 2

Race

Answer 2

Social construct, classification based on social and political values, rather than as a biological given

Question 3

Racialized group

Answer 3

Group who has been highlighted by others/themselves as inferior or superior on the basis of subjectively selected physical characteristics, ex. skin colour, eye shape

Question 4

Discrimination

Answer 4

Harmful actions/practises of a dominant group on a subordinate group

Question 5

Roots of Race

Answer 5

1. classification schemes; somewhat arbitrary, skin colour (why not eye colour?),
2. political: racial purity is a myth, therefore the roots of race are highly politicized, human beings perceive others to be different and we use those perceptions justify differential treatment, SI

Question 6

Majority group

Answer 6

Aka dominant group, advantaged, better access to resources with which to enhance your rights in society, determined by ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status, disability

Question 7

Minority groups,aka subordinate groups

Answer 7

Disadvantaged, subject to discrimination, regards itself as an object of discriminations, ex. people of colour, disabled, LGBT

Question 8

White privilege

Answer 8

Privilege given to people with white skin

Question 9

Internalized dominance

Answer 9

The ways white people learn they are normal, feel included, don’t think of themselves as other/different

Question 10

Racism

Answer 10

Attitudes, beliefs, practices that we use to justify the superior treatment of one racialized group and the inferior treatment of one racialized group

Question 11

Ethnocentrism

Answer 11

The assumption that one’s own group/way of life is superior to another’s, positive and negative ways we understand our ways ad better

Question 12

Prejudice

Answer 12

Negative attitudes about people based on different characteristics, ex. racialization, gender, age, religion, sexual orientation

Question 13

Stereotypes

Answer 13

Over generalizing, based on issues of appearance, behaviour and other characteristics of all members of a group

Question 14

Generalizations

Answer 14

Ideas we have about a people, more open to revision and more easily rejected

Question 15

Individual discrimination

Answer 15

Ine-on-one acts from the dominant group that harm members of a subordinate group, their property

Question 16

Institutionalized discrimination

Answer 16

Day to day actions of organizations that has a harmful impact on members of subordinate groups

Question 17

Anti-Semitism

Answer 17

Discrimination and prejudice against Jews

Question 18

Interpersonal racism

Answer 18

More polite but implicit form of racism

Question 19

Institutional racism

Answer 19

More explicit/intentions

Question 20

Systemic racism

Answer 20

Unintentional racism, embedded in the organization, “the way the system works”, ex. police force/firefighter, weight and height restrictions

Question 21

Societal racism

Answer 21

General and unconscious patterns that perpetuate the racialized order, ex. skin colour

Question 22

Everyday racism

Answer 22

General and seemingly benign ideas about superiority/inferiority of a certain group inside society, ex. things we give witness/allowance to, are we embracing the other?, sometimes no intent to offend

Question 23

Active racism

Answer 23

Acts that intend to exclude or make them feel inferior because of their minority group status

Question 24

Passive racism

Answer 24

Being complicit in another’s racism

Question 25

Cultural racism

Answer 25

Values that reinforce the interests of the dominant group and undermine the interests of the subordinate group, ex. hostility to employment equity

Question 26

Racialized socialization

Answer 26

Social interaction that contains messages and practices about the nature of racialized groups, ex. personal and group identity, inter-group and individual relationships, your position in the s.e.s hierarchy

Question 27

White racial bonding

Answer 27

Whites bonding together, us vs. them, due to living near similar people and socializing with them

Question 28

Assimilation

Answer 28

Being absorbed into the dominant culture

Question 29

Amalgamation

Answer 29

Blending attributes from different groups to form a new society

Question 30

The cost of living squeeze

Answer 30

People who have experienced no or minimal raises over the years, which doesn’t match inflation, conflict theory

Question 31

Gendered racism

Answer 31

How race and sex intersects, exploits visible minority women, ex. First Nations women, feminist theory

Question 32

Intersectionality

Answer 32

The myriad ways in which oppressions are linked, feminist theory