Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biopsychology > Chapter 3: the chemistry of behavior > Flashcards

Chapter 3: the chemistry of behavior Flashcards

1
Q

define:

Ligand

A

substance that binds to a receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define:

Agonist

A

increases or mimics transmitter action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

define

antagonist

A

decreases or interferes with transmitter action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

list:

characterisitcs of ionotropic

2 points

A
  • ligand- activated ion channels
  • fast
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

list:

characteristics of metabotropic receptor

6 points

A
  • signal proteins and G proteins
  • slower
  • longer-lasting
  • more diffuse
  • more varied
  • two mechanisms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

list:

criteria for neurotransmitter classification

5 points

A
  • it is synthesized and stored in axon terminals of the presynaptic neuron
  • it is released when action potentials reach axon terminals
  • recognized by receptors on the post synaptic membrane
  • it causes changes in a post synaptic membrane
  • it causes changes in a postsynaptic cell
  • blocking its release interferes with a presynaptic cell’s ability to affect a postsynaptic cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

list:

main neurotransmitter classes

A
  • amino acid neurotransmitters
  • monoamine neurotransmitters
  • acetylcholine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

list:

examples of amino acid neurotransmitters

A
  • glutamate
  • GABA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

list:

types of monoamine neurotransmitters

2 points

A
  • Catecholamines
  • indolamine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

list:

Examples of catecholamines

3 points

A
  • norepinephrine
  • epinephrine
  • dopamine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

list

example of indolamine

A

serotonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

list:

examples of neuropeptides

4 points

A
  • oxytocin
  • vasopressin
  • opiod peptides
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

list:

examples of gases nitrous oxide

A
  • nitric oxide
  • carbon monoxide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

list:

excitatory amino acids

2 points

A
  • glutamate
  • aspartate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

list:

inhibatory amino acids

A
  • GABA
  • glycine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

answer:

what is the most prevalent excitatory neurotransmitter

A

Glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

list:

ionotropic glutamate receptors

A
  • NMDA
  • AMPA
  • KAR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Answer:

what is the metabotropic glutamate receptor

A

mGLuR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

list:

characteristics of PCP (NMDA)

A
  • Antagonist
  • hallucinations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Answer:

what is termination of signal

A

reabsorption (reuptake) into surrounding glial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

answer:

What is the most prevelant inhibitory neurotransmitter

A

GABA

gamma-amniobutyic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Answer:

where is GABA found

A

spinal motor neurons and CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Answer:

what does the ionotropic receptor open?
What happens?

A
  • open Cl- channel
  • cl- comes in
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

List:

Example of ionotropic receptors (GABA a)

3 points

A
  • benzodiazapines
  • alcohol
  • GHB
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Answer:

what does the metabotropic receptor open?
What happens?

A
  • opens the K+ channel
  • K+ goes out
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

List:

synthesis of Glutamate and GABA

A
  • glutamine
  • glutamate
  • GABA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

define

termination of signal

A

reabsorbtion into surrounding glial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Answer:

what are catecholamines synthesized from

A

tyrosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Answer:

what is indolamine synthesized from

A

tryptophan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

list

synthesis of catecholamine

A
  • tyrosine
  • DOPA
  • dopamine
  • norepinephrine
  • Epinephrine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Answer:

why is the mesostriatal pathway important?

A

motor control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Answer:

where does the mesotriatal pathway originate from

A

substantia nigra

33
Q

Answer:

where does the mesolimbocortical pathways originate?

A

Ventral tegmental area

34
Q

Answer:

why is the ventral tegmental area important

A

important for learning shaped by posititve reinforcement

35
Q

List:

metabotropic receptors (dopamine) families

A
  • D1- like: includes D1, D5
  • D2-like: includes D2 D3 D4
36
Q

answer:

what is the reuptake of dopamine

A

dopamine transporter (DAT)

37
Q

Answer:

Enzymatic degradation of dopamine

A

COMT MAO

38
Q

Answer:

what is dopamine involved in

A
  • reinforcement
  • learning
  • movement
  • attention
39
Q

List:

agonists (dopamine)

A
  • cocaine
  • methylphenidate (ritalin)
40
Q

Answer:

what is norepinephrine important for

A

control of many behaviors ranging from alertness to mood to sexual behavior

41
Q

Answer:

where are noradrenergic neurons are found where?

2 places

A
  • locus coeruleus
  • lateral tagmental area
42
Q

Answer:

where is norepinephrine found

A
  • CNS
  • sympathetic PNS
43
Q

Answer:

what is norepinephrine used for?

A

effect in arousal and reward systems

44
Q

Answer:

what is affected in mood disprders and depression

A

depression

45
Q

Answer:

reuptake of norepinephrine

A

Norepinephrine transporter (NET)

46
Q

answer:

enzymatic degradation for norepinephrine

A

COMT and MAO

47
Q

list:

charcteristics of Epinephrine

4 points

A
  • adrenal medulla
  • minor role as neurotransmitter
  • important hormone
  • also acts at adrenergic receptors
48
Q

Answer:

why is serotonin important

A
  • mood
  • vision
  • anxiety
  • sexual behavior
  • sleep
49
Q

Answer:

where are serotonergic neurons located

A
  • midline of midbrain
  • brainstem
  • raphe nuclei
50
Q

List:

agonists (serotonin)

A
  • LSD
  • fluoxetine (Prozac)
51
Q

Answer:

What does acetylcholine do?

A

major role in transmission in the forebrain
learning and memory

52
Q

Answer:

where is acetylcholine located

A

basal forebrain

53
Q

list:

two types of receptors (acetylcholine)

A
  • nicotinic - ionotropic
  • muscarinic- metabotropic
54
Q

Answer:

Agonist in central nervous system (acetylcholine)

A

nicotine

55
Q

Answer:

example of agonist in PNS (Acetylcholine)

A

black widow venom

56
Q

List:

two receptors in endocannabinoids

A

CB1 (CNS)
CB2 (immune system)

57
Q

Answer:

example of agonist (endocannabinoids)

A

THC

58
Q

Answer:

example of antagonist in receptor in the CNS

A

caffeine

59
Q

List:

how neuropeptides differ from neurotransmitters

4 points

A
  • no reuptake for peptides
  • sight of synthesis
  • vesicles storage
  • exocytosis
60
Q

List:

three major subtypes of endogenous opiods

A
  • endorphins- act at Mu receptor
  • Enkephalins - acts at delta receptor
  • Dynorphin - acts at kappa receptor
61
Q

define

substance P

A

involved in pain perception

62
Q

define:

neuropeptide Y

A

involved in eating

63
Q

list:

how souluable gases differ from other transmitters

3 points

A
  • it is produed outside axon terminals (mainy in dendrites) and diffuses out of the neuron as soon as it is produced
  • no receptors are involved: diffuses into target cell and activates second messengers
  • it can function as a retrograde transmitter by diffusing from the post synaptic neuron back to the presynaptic neuron
64
Q

list:

classes of drugs

4 points

A
  • antipsychotics
  • antidepressants
  • anxiolytics
  • analgesics
65
Q

define:

antipsychotics

A

schizophrenis

66
Q

define

antidepressants

A

affetive disorders (MDD)

67
Q

define:

Anxiolytics

A

anxiety disorders

68
Q

define

Analgesics

A

for physical pain

69
Q

list

antidepressants

A
  • tricyclic antidepressants
  • SSRI
  • SNRI
70
Q

list

anxiolytics

A
  • depressants
  • barbituates
  • benzodiazepines
71
Q

list:

psychomotor stimulants

6 points

A
  • caffeine
  • nicotine
  • methamphetamine
  • cocaine
  • methylphenidate
  • D-Amphetamine
72
Q

Answer:

What does it mean that alcohol is biphasic

A

its an initial stimulant phase follwed by a depresant phase

73
Q

list

examples of hallucinogens

A
  • LSD (acid
  • mescaline
  • psilocybin
74
Q

answer

example of hallucinogen and amphetamine

A

MDMA

75
Q

list

major models of drug abuse

A
  • moral model
  • disease model
  • physical dependence model
  • positive reward model
76
Q

define:

moral model

A

abuser lacks moral character or self-control

77
Q

define

physical dependence model

A

abusers use drugs to avoid withrawal symptoms like dysphoria

78
Q

define

disease model

A

abuser requires medical treatment

79
Q

define

positive reward model

A

drug use is a behavior controlled by positive rewards

Biopsychology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions