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Biology 1407 > Chapter 30: Plant Diversity 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 30: Plant Diversity 2 Flashcards

1
Q

This consists of an embryo in nutrients surrounded by a protective coat

A

Seed

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2
Q

What are common characteristics of all seed plants?

A
  • reduce gametophytes
  • heterospony
  • ovules
  • pollen
  • seeds
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3
Q

What is the advantage of reduced gametophytes?

A

The gametophytes of seed plants develop within the walls of spores that are retained within tissues of the parents sporophyte

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4
Q

Produce megaspores that give rise to female gametophytes

A

Megasporangia

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5
Q

Produce microspores that give rise to male gametophytes

A

Microsporangia

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6
Q

The ancestors of seed plants were likely homosporous, while seed plants were _______________

A

Heterosporous

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7
Q

The _______ is composed of the megasporangium and integuments.

A

Ovule

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8
Q
  • gymnosperm megasporangia have one of these protective _____________
  • angiosperm megasporangia usually have two ___________

It protects the megasporangium

A

Integuments

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9
Q

Microspores develop ___________, which contain the male gametophytes

A

Pollen grains

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10
Q

______________ Is the transfer of pollen to the part of a seed plant containing the ovules

A

Pollination

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11
Q

If a pollen grain germinates, it gives rise to a _____________ that discharges sperm into the female gametophyte within the ovule

A

Pollen tube

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12
Q

________ cells will make a pollen tube

________ cells make sperm

A

Tube

Generative

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13
Q

A ________ is a sporophyte embryo, along with its food supply, packaged in a protective coat

It develops from the whole ovule

A

Seed

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14
Q

What are some evolutionary advantages seeds have over spores?

A
  • they may remain dormant for days to years until conditions are favorable for germination
  • seeds have a supply of storage food
  • they may be transported Long distances by wind or animals
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15
Q

Are gymnosperms or nonvascular plants better suited to drier conditions?

A

Gymnosperms

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16
Q

Angiosperms began to replace gymnosperms near the end of the Mesozoic

____________ now dominate more terrestrial ecosystems
Today, cone-bearing gymnosperms called _________ dominate in the northern latitudes

A

Angiosperms

Conifers

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17
Q

Gymnosperms mean “__________”
The seeds are exposed on sporophylls that form cones

Angiosperm seeds are found in fruits, which are _________

A

Naked seeds

Mature ovaries

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18
Q

Gymnosperms consist of what four phyla?

A
  • cycadophyta
  • ginkgophyta
  • gnetophyt
  • coniferophyta
19
Q

Individuals have large cones and palm like leaves

They are the exception to the rule, seeds are flagellated

A

Phyla cycadophyta

20
Q
  • this phylum consists of a single living species

- it has a high tolerance to air pollution and is a popular ornamental tree

A

Phylum ginkgophyta

21
Q
  • this phylum comprises three genera

- species vary in appearance, and some are tropical whereas others live in deserts

A

Phylum gnetophyta

22
Q
  • this phylum is by far the largest of the gymnosperm phyla

- most conifers are evergreens in carry out photosynthesis year round

A

Phylum coniferophyta

23
Q

Three key features of the gymnosperm life cycle are

Dominance of the _____________ generation
Development of __________ from fertilized ovules
The transfer of sperm to ovules by ________

The lifecycle of a pine is an example

A

Sporophyte
Seeds
Pollen

24
Q

The Pinetree is the ___________ and produces ____________ in male and female cones

A

Sporophyte

Sporangia

25
Q

In pine trees small cones produce microspores called ____________, which of which contains a male _______________.

A

Pollen grains, gametophyte

26
Q

In Pinetrees, the familiar larger cones contain __________, which produce megaspores that develop into female _____________

It takes nearly 3 years from cone production to mature seed

A

Ovules, gametophytes

27
Q
  • The most widespread and diverse of all plants
  • all are classified in a single phylum, Anthophyta
  • two key adaptations (flowers,fruit)
A

Angiosperms

28
Q

What are the four types of modified leaves and flowers?

A

Sepals-encloses the flower
Petals-brightly colored and attract pollinators
Stamens-produce pollen
Carpels-produce ovules

29
Q

what does the stamen consist of?

A
  • Filament

- anther (pollen is produced)

30
Q

What does the carpel consist of?

A
  • ovary at the base
  • style (middle)
  • stigma (pollen is received)
31
Q
  • consists of a mature ovary but can also include other flower parts
  • protect seeds and aid in their dispersal
  • can be fleshy or dry
A

Fruits

32
Q

Male ____________ are contained within pollen grains produced by the _____________ of anthers

A

Gametophytes, microsporangia

33
Q

The female gametophyte, or ______________, develops within an ovule contained within an ovary at the base of a stigma

A

Embryo sac

34
Q

The ovule is entered by a pore called the _____________.

A

Micropyle

35
Q

The pollen grain that has landed on a stigma germinates and the _____________ of the male gametophyte grows down to the ovary.

A

Pollen tube

36
Q

Generative cell…..

Tube cell…..

A
  • gives rise to two sperm

- produces pollen tube

37
Q

Within a seed, the embryo consists of a root and two seed leaves called…..

A

Cotyledons

38
Q

In double fertilization the pollen two discharges two sperm into the female gametophyte within an ovule. One sperm fertilizes the egg and the other sperm….

A

Combines with two nuclei in the central cell of the female gametophyte and initiates development of food storing endosperm

-The triploid endosperm nourishes the developing embryo

39
Q

Food storing

The triploid ___________ nourishes the developing embryo

A

Endosperm

40
Q

Angiosperms are divided into what main groups?

A
  • monocots (one cotyledon)
  • eudicots (two cotyledons)
  • basal angiosperms
  • magnoliids
41
Q

This group of angiosperms include magnolias, laurels, and balck pepper plants

Woody and nonwoody types

A

Magnoliids

42
Q

This group is more than 1/4 of the angiosperm species

Includes grass, wheat

A

Monocots

43
Q

This group is more than 2/3 of angiosperm species

-largest group

A

Eudicots

44
Q

Why does human welfare depends greatly on seed plants?

A

Seed plants are key sources of food, fuel, wood products, and medicine

Preservation of plant diversity in seed plants is critical

Biology 1407 (22 decks)

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