Chapter 32 An Overveiw Of Anmial Diversity

Question 1

How do animals obtain food?

Answer 1

Ingestion

All are heterotrophs

Question 2

Do animals have cell walls?

How are bodies held together?

Answer 2

No

Structural proteins such as collagen

Question 3

What are two types of specialization tissue seen in animals to help with movement?

Answer 3

Nervous tissue and muscle tissue

Question 4

A zygote is _______-celled

Answer 4

Single

Question 5

Mitotic cell division without cell growth

Answer 5

Cleavage

Question 6

Multicellular embryonic stage, hollow ball

Answer 6

Blastula

Question 7

The process where Layers of embryonic tissue that will develop into adult body parts are produced

• major cell movement
• blastula develops into gastrula
• 3 germ layers

Answer 7

Gastrulation

Question 8

What are the three germ layers?

Answer 8

Ectoderm
Endoderm
Mesoderm

Question 9

Many animals have at least one ________ stage

Answer 9

Larval

Larva-sexually immature form of the animal and looks structurally different than the adult. May have different habitats, food, etc

Question 10

a juvenile resembles an adult, but is not yet sexually mature

Answer 10

Incomplete metamorphosis

Question 11

Do you sponges have Hox genes?

Answer 11

No

Question 12

• gene expression of segment
• regulate the development of body form
• determine identity of particular segments

Answer 12

Hox genes

Question 13

Hox genes are only present in ___________.

Answer 13

Animals

Question 14

Protists that are a sister group to animals

Collar cells are almost identical

Answer 14

Choanoflagellates

Question 15

*Closest living relative to animals…

Answer 15

Choanoflagellates

Question 16

How are animals characterized by?

Answer 16

“Body plans”

Morphological and developmental traits

Question 17

Two-sided symmetry

Animals with this symmetry move more rapidly

Planes include-dorsal, ventral, right and left, anterior, posterior

Answer 17

Bilateral symmetry

Question 18

Central nervous system, anterior brain

Seen in animals with bilateral symmetry

Answer 18

cephalization

Question 19

Two types of symmetry seen in animals

Answer 19

Radial

Bilateral

Question 20

Collections of specialized cells isolated from other tissues by membranous layers

Answer 20

Tissues

Question 21

What are the four things animals are classified by?

Answer 21

• symmetry
• body cavity
• tissues
• proto/Deutero

Question 22

This germ layer covers the embryos surface

Answer 22

Ectoderm

Question 23

Is the inner most germ layer and lines the developing digestive tub, called the archenteron

Answer 23

Endoderm

Question 24

Middle germ layer

Answer 24

Mesoderm

Question 25

What germ layers do sponges have?

Answer 25

None

Question 26

- only ectoderm and endoderm are present - does not go past the tissue level - Cnidarians and a few other groups

Answer 26

Diploblastic

Question 27

Are radial animals diploblastic or triploblastic?

Answer 27

Diploblastic

Question 28

- All three germ layers are present - all levels of organization are present ex: organs, organ systems - flatworms, Arthropods, vertebrae’s, and others

Answer 28

Triploblastic

Question 29

All bilaterians are ____________.

Answer 29

Triplobalstic

Question 30

Most triploblastic animals possess a ___________.

Answer 30

Body cavity

Question 31

Fluid or air filled space between digestive tract in the outer body wall

Answer 31

Body cavity

Question 32

- A true body cavity | - derived from mesoderm

Answer 32

Coelom

Question 33

Animals that possess a true coelom

Answer 33

Coelomates

Question 34

What’s the purpose of the body cavity?

Answer 34

Cushion, allows room for growth and movement (heart, intestines)

Question 35

In ____________, internal organs are more complex, and they are reels together by mesenteries (Mollusks, Annelids, arthropods, echinoderms, and chordates)

Answer 35

Coelomates

Question 36

In ____________ coelom is not completely lined by mesoderm Surround by mesoderm and endoderm (Roundworms-nematada), ratifers-rotifera

Answer 36

Pseudocoelom

Question 37

___________ lack body cavity No coelom within its mesoderm layer (flatworm)

Answer 37

Acelomate

Question 38

Based on early development many animals can be categorized as having ____________ development or _____________ development

Answer 38

Protostome (spiral cleavage), | deuterostome (vertical cleavage)

Question 39

____________ development -cleavage is spiral and determinate

Answer 39

Protostome

Question 40

_____________ development -cleavage is radial and indeterminate (fate is determined later)

Answer 40

Deuterostome

Question 41

Type of development... -spitting of solid masses of mesoderm forms the coelom

Answer 41

Protostome

Question 42

Type of development.... -the mesoderm buds from the wall of the archentron to from the coelom The out pocketing of the archentron

Answer 42

Deuterostome

Question 43

The _____________ forms during gastrulation and connects the archentron to the exterior of the gastrula

Answer 43

Blastopore

Question 44

In protostome development what does the blastopore become? In deuterostome development what does the blastopore become?

Answer 44

Mouth Anus

Question 45

Type of body plan... -single opening, incomplete digestive system Ex: sponges

Answer 45

Sac plan

Question 46

Type of body plan... -two separate openings complete digestive system It Must be diplobalstic or triplobalstic?

Answer 46

Tube in a tube Triplobalstic

Question 47

Presence of a head, so concentrations of sensory organs, feeding organs, and centers of neural integration

Answer 47

Cephalization