Chapter 3.3

Question 1

Drug

Answer 1

A chemical substance that, when taken into the body, alters the structure or functioning of the body in some way

Question 2

Psychoactive drugs

Answer 2

Drugs that have an effect on the brain and nervous system

Question 3

Methods of drug administration

Answer 3

Injection
Ingestion
Inhalation
Absorption through mucus membranes

Question 4

Types of injection methods

Answer 4

Subcutaneously (SC) - under the skin
Intramuscularly (IM) - into large muscles
Intravenously (IV) - into veins, drug delivered directly to brain

Question 5

Pharmocokinetics

Answer 5

Collective name for all the factors that affect the movement of a drug into, through, and out of the body

Question 6

Bioavailable

Answer 6

Referring to a substance, usually a drug, that is present in the body in a form that is able to interact with physiological mechanisms

Question 7

Biotransformation

Answer 7

The process in which enzymes convert a drug into a metabolite that is itself active, possibly in ways that are substantially different from the actions of the original substance

Question 8

Pharmocodynamics

Answer 8

What drugs do to the body

Question 9

Main source of drug metabolism

Answer 9

Liver

Question 10

Primary route of drug excretion

Answer 10

The kidneys

Question 11

Binding affinity/Affinity

Answer 11

The propensity of molecules of a drug (or other ligand) to bind to receptors

Question 12

Efficacy/Intrinsic activity

Answer 12

The extent to which a drug activates a response when it binds to a receptor

Question 13

Dose response curve (DRC)

Answer 13

A formal graph of a drug’s effects (on the y-axis) versus the dose given (on the x-axis)

Question 14

Effective dose (ED ₅₀ )

Answer 14

How much drug would cause half of the maximal effect

Question 15

Therapeutic index

Answer 15

The separation between useful doses and dangerous doses

Question 16

Toxic dose (TD ₅₀ )

Answer 16

When 50% of animals show signs of toxicity

Question 17

Lethal dose (LD ₅₀ )

Answer 17

When 50% of animals die