Chapter 36

Question 1

Lyndon B. Johnson, War on Poverty, Great Society

Answer 1

LBJ was JFK’s VP & took over the Presidency when JFK was assassinated. LBJ declared a War on Poverty because roughly 20% of Americans were impoverished. LBJ also persuaded Congress to pass several Great Society programs to address poverty. Medicare- care for the elderly, Medicaid -aid for the poor, Head Start-Preschool program for the poor and several others

Question 2

Barry Goldwater

Answer 2

Conservative Republican Presidential Candidate who ran against LBJ and lost, but started the rise of Conservatism that led into the 1980’s

Question 3

Malcolm X

Answer 3

African American Civil Rights leader who believed Dr. King’s nonviolent protest was not working anymore and the movement needed to be more aggressive to succeed. He was a member of the Nation of Islam, took a trip to Mecca and realized the movement needed to be more peaceful. He tried to promote this & was killed by the Nation of Islam

Question 4

Stokely Carmichael, black power

Answer 4

one of the leaders of the SNCC who began the black power movement that promoted black rights & becoming more militant

Question 5

George Wallace

Answer 5

segregationist Governor of Alabama was a third party candidate for President who wanted to bomb Vietnam until they surrendered

Question 6

Richard Nixon

Answer 6

Republican President who initiated many liberal policies like the EPA, Clean Air & Water Act, OSHA, Philadelphia Plan amongst others. Know for the Watergate Scandal & working with China & U.S.S.R. —detente

Question 7

Spiro Agnew

Answer 7

Nixon’s VP that resigned because of tax evasion

Question 8

Henry Kissinger

Answer 8

Nixon’s National Security Council Advisor & later Secretary of State that was highly influential on Nixon’s foreign policy in China and U.S.S.R.

Question 9

Warren Burger

Answer 9

Conservative Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

Question 10

Rachel Carson

Answer 10

wrote Silent Spring about the deadly effects of pesticides like DDT. She helped launch the Environmental movement

Question 11

Earl Warren

Answer 11

Conservative Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who actually had liberal rulings supporting Civil Rights

Question 12

Gulf of Tonkin

Answer 12

The U.S. had several observation ships off the coast of Vietnam and the U.S. claimed we were shot at and President Johnson asked Congress for permission to retaliate. Thus, the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution gave the President a “blank check” (unlimited power) on the war in Vietnam War

Question 13

hawks & doves

Answer 13

for war, against war

Question 14

Tet offensive

Answer 14

Massive Vietcong attack on 100 U.S. and South Vietnamese held cities. Although the U.S. recovered and retook much of the territory it still shocked the U.S. and led the end of LBJ

Question 15

Freed Speech Movement

Answer 15

grew on college campuses specifically U.C. Berkley who believed in fighting for political rights on campus, no dress code, etc.

Question 16

Detente

Answer 16

period of relaxed tensions between the U.S. & U.S.S.R. during the Nixon Presidency

Question 17

Vietnamization

Answer 17

Nixon’s plan to slowly withdraw troops from Vietnam

Question 18

My Lai

Answer 18

U.S. troops investigated possible Vietcong soldiers living in a Hamlet (small village) but found no soldiers. William Calley ordered the killing of all in the hamlet which included women, children, and the elderly. This atrocity was exposed and led the Calley going to prison and hatred toward American soldiers (even by some Americans)

Question 19

Cambodian incursion

Answer 19

when Nixon ordered the bombing and ground troops in Cambodia to stop supplies on the Ho Chi Minh Trail—it led to widespread protests including the Kent State Shooting

Question 20

Kent State, Jackson State

Answer 20

Due to the invasion of Cambodia many protesters came out against the war and at Kent State the ROTC building was burnt to the ground caused the National Guard to enter the campus to break up the protests. Soon after shots were fired causing 4 dead at Kent State. Similar situation at Jackson State except the students killed were black

Question 21

Philadelphia Plan

Answer 21

Nixon’s plan to help African Americans be hired into the workforce

Question 22

EPA

Answer 22

Environmental Protection Agency- created to prevent and or regulate pollution in the air and water coming from business and or individuals

Question 23

Clean Air Act

Answer 23

acts to limit pollution due to excessive smog.

Question 24

War Powers Act

Answer 24

scaling back of the Tonkin Gulf Resolution where Congress regained powers over war and checked the President. Congress requires notification of any troop movements ordered by the President within 48 hours. Troops can be used for 60 to 90 days with Congressional Approval

Question 25

OPEC

Answer 25

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (Middle East) who created a cartel or pool to regulate the amount of oil shipped around the world

Question 26

Roe v. Wade

Answer 26

legalized abortion **highly controversial even to this day

Question 27

SALT

Answer 27

Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty to reduce weapons between the U.S. and U.S.S.R--Nixon and Brezhnev--created detente or a relaxation of tensions during the Cold War

Question 28

Pentagon Papers, Daniel Ellsberg

Answer 28

series of government documented that were released by Ellsberg that proved the government had been lying to the American people about the money, troops, and basically everything related to the war effort in Vietnam aka a credibility gap between what was actually occurring in Vietnam and what the government said was happening