Chapter 3A

Question 1

What are the 3 components of the cell theory?

Answer 1

1) cells are the fundamental unit of life
2) All organisms contain one or more cells
3) Cells come from preexisting cells.

Question 2

What is the difference between magnification and resolution?

Answer 2

Magnification is the ability to make something bigger and Resolution is the measure of clarity.

Question 3

What total magnification can (generally) be obtained using a light microscope?

Answer 3

x1000

Question 4

What total magnification can (generally) be obtained using an electron microscope

Answer 4

x100000

Question 5

What are the smallest objects observable using both types of microscopes

Answer 5

organelles and small molecules

Question 6

What is the difference between scanning
and transmission electron microscopes?

Answer 6

(TEM) uses a beam of electrons like a beam of light to form an image (high resolution)
(SEM) the electrons interact with the sample and X-rays emitted from the sample are studied. (low resolution)

Question 7

What are the 4 features shared by all cells

Answer 7

1. Cell membrane or the plasma membrane
2. cytosol
3. dna/rna
4. Ribosomes

Question 8

Why are most cells small

Answer 8

They have to be

Question 9

why is the surface area so important to volume ratio

Answer 9

cells have to be efficient in getting things in and out.

Question 10

how many cell types are there

Answer 10

2: prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Question 11

what are the 4 primary differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 11

Prokaryotes: Have no nucleus, no organelles, are smaller, basic
Eukaryotes: Has a nucleus, has organelles, bigger, more complex

Question 12

How many domains are there?

Answer 12

3: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

Question 13

what are two characteristics of Bacteria

Answer 13

1. prokaryotic
2. Single/unicellular

Question 14

what are two characteristics of Archaea

Answer 14

1. prokaryotic
2. Single/unicellular

Question 15

what are two characteristics of Eukarya

Answer 15

1. Eukaryotic
2. multicellular

Question 16

What is the flagellum or flagella

Answer 16

enables cells to move

Question 17

what is the capsule

Answer 17

outermost layer that protects the cell

Question 18

what is the cell wall

Answer 18

provides protection

Question 19

what is the cell membrane

Answer 19

provides support and structure

Question 20

what is cytoplasm and cytosol

Answer 20

The fluid inside the cell

Question 21

what are ribosomes

Answer 21

they make proteins

Question 22

what is the nucleoid

Answer 22

contains dna

Question 23

What are the 4 structures/organelles that are unique to plants

Answer 23

1. cell wall
   2.chloroplast
2. large central vacuole
3. plasmodesmata

Question 24

what are the 4 components of phospholipids

Answer 24

1. fatty acids
2. Glycerol
3. phosphate group
4. choline

Question 25

What are the chemical properties of the head and tail of phospholipids

Answer 25

The head is attracted to water (hydrophilic) The tail is not (hydrophobic)

Question 26

What is the fluid mosaic model

Answer 26

The phospholipid bilayer acts as a fluid. and is comprised of things other than lipids.

Question 27

what are three types of membrane proteins

Answer 27

1. transport proteins 2. enzymes 3. recognition proteins