Chapter 10 Flashcards
(28 cards)
What are genes
instructions to make proteins
What are alleles
an alternative form of genes
What are autosomes and sex chromosomes?
Autosomes: Chromosomes that have nothing to do with sex determination
Sex chromosomes: Chromosomes that have something to do with sex determination
What are true-breeding individuals?
Homozygous
What are hybrid individuals?
Heterozygous
What is self-fertilization
An individual crossing gametes with itself
What is cross-fertilization?
The exchange of gametes between 2 individuals
What are dominant alleles
suppresses the effect over the recessive alleles
What are recessive alleles?
alleles whose expression is masked by dominant alleles
What is the genotype
Genetic makeup of an organism
What are homozygous and heterozygous genotypes?
Homo means 1 type and hetero means 2 types
What is the phenotype?
observable characteristics
What are wild and mutant alleles?
Wild alleles: The most common form
mutant alleles: the least common form
What are the P, F1, and F2 generations?
P: parent generation
F1: offspring of parents
F2: Crossing of F1
What are monohybrid crosses?
mating between two individuals that are heterozygous for the one gene
what’s a dihybrid cross
mating between two individuals that are both heterozygous for two genes
what are Punnett squares
diagram that uses the genotypes of the parents to reveal the possible results of a genetic cross
What are four of the seven pea plant traits studied by Mendel?
seed color
seed form
pod color
pod form
What are two reasons that Mendel studied pea plants?
They’re small
good reproductive capacity
What are the three main inheritance patterns?
Complete dominance
incomplete dominance
codominance
How many alleles and phenotypes are there in complete dominance
2 alleles and 2 phenotypes
How many alleles and phenotypes are there incomplete dominance
2 alleles and 3 phenotypes
How many alleles and phenotypes are there codominance
3 alleles and 4 phenotypes
write ABO blood genotypes
