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APES > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what is competition

A

when multiple organisms compete for the same resource

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2
Q

what is competetive exclusion

A

when one species totally excludes the other species from the resource entirely

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3
Q

what is species coexistane

A

when both species live side by side

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4
Q

what is a fundamental niche

A

the full niche of a species

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5
Q

what is a niche

A

a role that a species plays

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6
Q

what is a realized niche

A

when an individual plays only part of its role because of competition

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7
Q

what is resource partitioning

A

when species “work around each other”

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8
Q

what is character displacement

A

when competing species come to come to diverge because of the evolution of traits best suited to the range of resources

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9
Q

what is predation

A

process in which individuals of one species hunt or kill prey

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10
Q

what is parasitism

A

relationship where one organism depends on another for nourishment or some other benefit

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11
Q

what is a pathogen

A

parasites that cause diease in their host

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12
Q

what is coevolution

A

where parasites and hosts evolve in response to one another

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13
Q

what is herbivory

A

when animals feed on the tissues of plants

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14
Q

what is mutualism

A

relationship in which two or more species benefit from interacting with one another

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15
Q

what is a community

A

assemblage of populations of organisms living in the same area at the same time

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16
Q

what is symbiosis

A

physically close association

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17
Q

what is pollination

A

mutualistic interaction that is vital to agriculture

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18
Q

what is a trophic level

A

the rank through which energy and matter move

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19
Q

what is a producer

A

producers of their own food

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20
Q

what is a primary consumer

A

organisms that consume producers

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21
Q

what is a secondary consumer

A

organisms that consume primary consumers

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22
Q

what is a teritary consumer

A

predators that feed at higher trophic levels

23
Q

what is a detritivore

A

scavengers of waste products or dead bodies of other organisms

24
Q

what are decomposers

A

organisms that break down leaf litter and other non living matter into simpler constituents

25
Q

what is cellular respiration

A

the process through which organisms use chemical energy to release the chemical energy of glucose

26
Q

what is biomass

A

collective mass of living matter ina given place and time

27
Q

what is a food chain

A

linear series of feeding relationships

28
Q

what is a keystone species

A

species that has a strong reaching impact far out of proportion to its abundance

29
Q

what is a trophic cascade

A

when predators at high trophic levels can indirectly promote populations of lower trophic levels

30
Q

what is a disturbanc e

A

an event that has rapid and drastic impacts on environmental conditions

31
Q

what is resistance

A

when a community resists change

32
Q

what is resilience

A

when a community changes in response to a disturbance but returns to its original state

33
Q

what is succession

A

when a disturbance is so severe that the species undergos somewhat predictable series of changes

34
Q

what is primary succession

A

when a disturbance leaves no vegetation or soil life left and the community has to start from scratch

35
Q

what is secondary succession

A

when the disturbance leaves some life left, but dramatic changes are still made

36
Q

what is a pioneer species

A

a species that arrives first and colonizes the new substrate

37
Q

what is a climax community

A

the community that remains in place until some disturbance restarts succession

38
Q

what is a regime shift

A

when the character of the community fundamentally changes

39
Q

what is an introduced species

A

species that was introduced by peopl

40
Q

what is an invasive species

A

a species that spreads widely and dominates communities

41
Q

what is restoration ecology

A

the study of the conditions of communities before our civilization changed them

42
Q

what is ecological resotration

A

the efforts to carry out the restoration of these affected communities

43
Q

what is a biome

A

major regional complex of similar communities

44
Q

what is the rainshadow effect

A

when moist air goes down a steep slope and releases precipitation as it cools, which can be very drying for the region in the rainshadow

45
Q

what is a temperate deciduous forest

A

biome that has broad leafed trees that lose their leaves in winter

46
Q

what is a temperate grassland

A

biome where temperature differences between winter and summer are more extreme, rainfall diminishes

47
Q

what is a temperate rainforest

A

biome with heavy rainfall abd other coniferous trees

48
Q

what is a tropical rainforest

A

biome with year round rainfall, warm temperatures, dark and damp interiors

49
Q

what is a tropical dry forest

A

biome that is warm year round, but rainfall is lower overall and highly seasonal

50
Q

what is a desert

A

biome where rainfall is very sparse, driest biome on earth

51
Q

what is a tundra

A

biome that is almost as dry as desert, permafrost, very cold winters

52
Q

what is a borreal forest

A

biome dominated by evergreen trees, often called taiga, nutreitn poor soil

53
Q

what is a chapparal

A

biome that has mostly evergreen shrubs and densley thicketed

APES (17 decks)

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