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APES > Ecosystem Ecology > Flashcards

Ecosystem Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

what is an ecosystem

A

a particular location on Earth distinguished by its particular mix of interacting biotic and abiotic components

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2
Q

how do ecosystems interact with one another

A

through the exchange of matter and energy

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3
Q

what is an autotroph

A

organism that uses energy from the environment to make chemcial energy

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4
Q

what is a consumer

A

obtains energy by consuming other organisms

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5
Q

what is a primary consumer

A

consumes producers

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6
Q

what is secondary consumer

A

obtains energy by eating primary consumers

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7
Q

what is a teritary consumer

A

eats secondary consumers

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8
Q

what is a quaternary consumer

A

eats teritary consumers

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9
Q

what is an omnivore

A

eats both animals and plants

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10
Q

what is a detritivore

A

eats dead organisms

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11
Q

what is a decomposer

A

chemically breaks down dead organisms

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12
Q

what is the typical maximum amount of terrestrial trophic levels

A

4 to 5

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13
Q

what is the typical amount of trophic levels in aquatic systems

A

5 to 6

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14
Q

what is a food chain

A

sequence of consumption from producers through teritary consmers

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15
Q

what is a food web

A

more realistic type of food chain that takes in account of the complexity of nature

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16
Q

what is GPP

A

total amount of solar energy that producers capture through photosynthesis over time

17
Q

what is NPP

A

energy captured minus energy respired by producers

18
Q

what is biomass

A

energy in an ecosystem is measured in terms of biomass

19
Q

what is a standing crop

A

amount of biomass present in an ecosystem at a particular time

20
Q

what is ecological efficiency

A

proportion of consumed energy that can be passed from one trophic level to another

21
Q

what is a trophic pyramid

A

representation of the distribution of biomass among trophic levels

22
Q

what is the biosphere

A

combination of all ecosystems on earth

23
Q

what are biogeochemical cycles

A

movement of matter withing and between ecosystems

24
Q

what does CHONPS stand for

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfure

25
Q

what is eutrophication

A

when phosphorus causes rapid growth of algae which uses up oxygen, causing dead zones

26
Q

what is a disturbanc e

A

event caused by physical chemical or biological agents that results in changes in population size or community composition

27
Q

what is resistance

A

measure of how much a disturbance can affect its flows of energy and matter

28
Q

what is resilience

A

rate at which an ecosystem returns to its original state after a disturbance

29
Q

what is the immediate disturbance hypothesis

A

states that ecosystems experiencing intermediate levels of distrbance are more diverse than those with high or low disturbance levels

30
Q

what are provisions

A

goods that humans can use directyl

31
Q

what are regulating services

A

service provided by natural systems that helps regulate environmental conditions

32
Q

what are support systems

A

support services that natural ecosystems provide

33
Q

what are cultural services

A

ecosystems provide cultural or aesthetic benefits to many people

34
Q

what is intrinsic value

A

worth independent of any benefit it may provide to humans

35
Q

what is the first law of thermodynamics

A

energy can not be created or destroyed

36
Q

what is the second law of thermodynamics

A

entropy of any isolated system always increases

37
Q

what is the third law of thermodynamics

A

as temperature approahces absolute zero, entropy of system approaches constant minimum

38
Q

what is the zeroth law of thermodynamics

A

if two thermodynamic systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third one, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other

APES (17 decks)

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