Population Notes Unit 4

Question 1

What is a population?

Answer 1

A population is a group of organisms of the same species that live in a specific that live in a specific area and interbreed.

Question 2

What is density?

Answer 2

number of individuls of the same species in that live in a given unit of area

Question 3

what is dispersion

Answer 3

the pattern of distribution of organisms in a population

Question 4

what are the three types of dispersion

Answer 4

even, clumped, and random

Question 5

why do species tend to clump

Answer 5

they cluster where resources are available, groups have better chance of finding resources, protection, and packs allow to capture prey

Question 6

what is the formula for population size (growth rate)

Answer 6

births-deaths

Question 7

what is teh formula for population change

Answer 7

(births + immigration) - (deaths + emigration)

Question 8

what is range of tolerance

Answer 8

variations in physical and chemical environment that a species can survive

Question 9

what are limiting factors

Answer 9

factors that determine the viability of life

Question 10

what is carrying capacity

Answer 10

max population size given habitat can sustain

Question 11

what is the symbol for carrying capacity

Answer 11

K

Question 12

what are zones of stress

Answer 12

zone that occurs above or below optimum levels

Question 13

what is the law of limiting factors

Answer 13

quanitities of any single factor above or below optimum levels necessary for growth

Question 14

what is exponential growth

Answer 14

as a population gets larger, it grows faster

Question 15

what is the shape of exponential growth

Answer 15

J

Question 16

what is linear growth

Answer 16

straight line on graph that shows slow and steady growth

Question 17

what is logisitic growth

Answer 17

S shaped graph that shows limits on growth rate

Question 18

what is carrying capacity

Answer 18

the number of organisms of one species that an environment can support

Question 19

what is an irruptive population change

Answer 19

population surge followed by a crash

Question 20

what is a cyclic fluctuation

Answer 20

top-down population regulation or bottom-up population regulation

Question 21

what is irregular population change

Answer 21

population change that has no pattern

Question 22

what are 4 density dependent population controls

Answer 22

predation, parasitism, infectios disease, competition for resources

Question 23

what happens when a population goes over its carrying capacity

Answer 23

it can crash

Question 24

what is intraspecific competition

Answer 24

competition between members of the same species

Question 25

what is interspecific competition

Answer 25

competition that happens between different species

Question 26

what is biotic potential

Answer 26

fastes rate at which populations can grow

Question 27

what is reproductive potential

Answer 27

maximum number of offspring that a given organism can produce

Question 28

what is a k-selected species

Answer 28

reproduce later in life, not many offspring, long time to maturity, more parental care

Question 29

what is an r-selected species

Answer 29

many offspring, little to no parental care, massive deaths of offspring

Question 30

what is a type I survivorship curve

Answer 30

convex, most individuals live to adulthood

Question 31

what is a type 2 survivorship curve

Answer 31

straight line, individuals chance of dying is independent of its age

Question 32

what is a type 3 survivorship curve

Answer 32

concave curve, few individuals live to adulthood, chance of dying decreases with age

Question 33

what is the formula for growthrate

Answer 33

birthrate-deathrate

Question 34

what occurs in the pre-industrial stage

Answer 34

birth rates and death rates both high

Question 35

what happens during the transitional stage

Answer 35

death rates decline due to increased food production and good medical care

Question 36

what happens in the industrial stage

Answer 36

birth rate declines due to increase opportunities for women and access to birth control

Question 37

what happens in the post-industrial stage

Answer 37

birth rates and death rates are low

Question 38

what does a broad based pyramid graph represent

Answer 38

high birth rates with a low life expectancy

Question 39

what is the formula for the rule of 70

Answer 39

70/growthrate

Question 40

what is the formula for rate of natural increase

Answer 40

births per 1000 - deaths

Question 41

what is the percent error formula

Answer 41

absolute value of accepted value minus estimated over accepted value

Question 42

what is the formula for the Lincoln index

Answer 42

N= (n1 x n2)/m

Question 43

what does N represent in the lincoln index

Answer 43

total population

Question 44

what does n1 represent in the index

Answer 44

number of animals captured on first day

Question 45

what does n2 represent

Answer 45

number of animals recaptured

Question 46

what does m represent in the index

Answer 46

number of marked animals recaptured

Question 47

what is the formula for population density

Answer 47

population/area

Question 48

what is the birth rate formula

Answer 48

births/total population

Question 49

what is the formula for percent change

Answer 49

new value - original value / original

Question 50

how do you estimate population size

Answer 50

find average number of individuals in certain plots and divide the average by the total number of plots