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APES > Population Notes Unit 4 > Flashcards

Population Notes Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a population?

A

A population is a group of organisms of the same species that live in a specific that live in a specific area and interbreed.

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2
Q

What is density?

A

number of individuls of the same species in that live in a given unit of area

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3
Q

what is dispersion

A

the pattern of distribution of organisms in a population

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4
Q

what are the three types of dispersion

A

even, clumped, and random

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5
Q

why do species tend to clump

A

they cluster where resources are available, groups have better chance of finding resources, protection, and packs allow to capture prey

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6
Q

what is the formula for population size (growth rate)

A

births-deaths

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7
Q

what is teh formula for population change

A

(births + immigration) - (deaths + emigration)

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8
Q

what is range of tolerance

A

variations in physical and chemical environment that a species can survive

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9
Q

what are limiting factors

A

factors that determine the viability of life

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10
Q

what is carrying capacity

A

max population size given habitat can sustain

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11
Q

what is the symbol for carrying capacity

A

K

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12
Q

what are zones of stress

A

zone that occurs above or below optimum levels

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13
Q

what is the law of limiting factors

A

quanitities of any single factor above or below optimum levels necessary for growth

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14
Q

what is exponential growth

A

as a population gets larger, it grows faster

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15
Q

what is the shape of exponential growth

A

J

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16
Q

what is linear growth

A

straight line on graph that shows slow and steady growth

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17
Q

what is logisitic growth

A

S shaped graph that shows limits on growth rate

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18
Q

what is carrying capacity

A

the number of organisms of one species that an environment can support

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19
Q

what is an irruptive population change

A

population surge followed by a crash

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20
Q

what is a cyclic fluctuation

A

top-down population regulation or bottom-up population regulation

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21
Q

what is irregular population change

A

population change that has no pattern

22
Q

what are 4 density dependent population controls

A

predation, parasitism, infectios disease, competition for resources

23
Q

what happens when a population goes over its carrying capacity

A

it can crash

24
Q

what is intraspecific competition

A

competition between members of the same species

25
Q

what is interspecific competition

A

competition that happens between different species

26
Q

what is biotic potential

A

fastes rate at which populations can grow

27
Q

what is reproductive potential

A

maximum number of offspring that a given organism can produce

28
Q

what is a k-selected species

A

reproduce later in life, not many offspring, long time to maturity, more parental care

29
Q

what is an r-selected species

A

many offspring, little to no parental care, massive deaths of offspring

30
Q

what is a type I survivorship curve

A

convex, most individuals live to adulthood

31
Q

what is a type 2 survivorship curve

A

straight line, individuals chance of dying is independent of its age

32
Q

what is a type 3 survivorship curve

A

concave curve, few individuals live to adulthood, chance of dying decreases with age

33
Q

what is the formula for growthrate

A

birthrate-deathrate

34
Q

what occurs in the pre-industrial stage

A

birth rates and death rates both high

35
Q

what happens during the transitional stage

A

death rates decline due to increased food production and good medical care

36
Q

what happens in the industrial stage

A

birth rate declines due to increase opportunities for women and access to birth control

37
Q

what happens in the post-industrial stage

A

birth rates and death rates are low

38
Q

what does a broad based pyramid graph represent

A

high birth rates with a low life expectancy

39
Q

what is the formula for the rule of 70

A

70/growthrate

40
Q

what is the formula for rate of natural increase

A

births per 1000 - deaths

41
Q

what is the percent error formula

A

absolute value of accepted value minus estimated over accepted value

42
Q

what is the formula for the Lincoln index

A

N= (n1 x n2)/m

43
Q

what does N represent in the lincoln index

A

total population

44
Q

what does n1 represent in the index

A

number of animals captured on first day

45
Q

what does n2 represent

A

number of animals recaptured

46
Q

what does m represent in the index

A

number of marked animals recaptured

47
Q

what is the formula for population density

A

population/area

48
Q

what is the birth rate formula

A

births/total population

49
Q

what is the formula for percent change

A

new value - original value / original

50
Q

how do you estimate population size

A

find average number of individuals in certain plots and divide the average by the total number of plots

APES (17 decks)

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