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Child Dev > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Germinal Period (Based off developmental milestones)

A

0-2 weeks

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2
Q

Embryonic Period

A

3-8 weeks

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3
Q

Fetal Period

A

9 weeks till birth

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4
Q

Pregnancy divided based on three-month periods

A

trimesters

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5
Q

First trimester

A

First 3 months

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6
Q

Second trimester

A

Second 3 months

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7
Q

Third trimester

A

Last 3 months

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8
Q

Blastocyst

A

Cells divide becoming a round ball of cells

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9
Q

Outer layers of cells on the blastocyst becomes

A

the placenta

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10
Q

The inner cells of the blastocyst becomes

A

The fetus

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11
Q

What is a placenta

A

Provides oxygen and nutrients and removes waste products from the baby. Attaches to the wall of the uterus

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12
Q

Implantation

A

10 days after conception, blastocyst burrows into the uterus wall

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13
Q

what percentage of fertilized zygotes survive?

A

1/3, 27%

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14
Q

When do obstetricians date the onset of pregnancy from?

A

First day of the last menstrual cycle

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15
Q

cephalocaudal

A

Head to feet

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16
Q

Proximodistal

A

Near to far (hands and feet form last)

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17
Q

Developments of the embryonic period

A

Head takes shape (4th week)
Arm and Legs bud (5th week)
Fingers and Toes separate (7th week)
Everything is present (8th week)
*Primitive streak

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18
Q

Primitive Streak

A

Becomes the neural tube which becomes the central nervous system

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19
Q

3 months gestation (pregnancy)

A

Baby will weigh about 3 ounces and be 3 inches long

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20
Q

Main developments of the SECOND trimester?

A

Heartbeat becomes stronger
Digestive System develops
Fingernails, toenails, and buds for teeth
Hair and eyelashes

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21
Q

Brain development in the fetal period?

A

Brain increases six times in size. Folds and creases

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22
Q

Age of viability in weeks

A

22 weeks

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23
Q

What does the age of viability mean?

A

Age at which a fetus can survive outside the mother with correct medical care

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24
Q

Last 3 months of pregnancy are called

A

The Fetal Period

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25
Developments of the THIRD trimester?
Brain waves patterns mature Lungs do go Blood circulates Digestive system starts do go
26
What triggers labor?
Fetal brain signals release of oxytocin which starts labor
27
How long is the average pregnancy?
38 weeks
28
How long is the average labor?
12 hours
29
Laboring positions
Laying down, sitting, squatting, in a birthing pool
30
What is a doula?
Non-medical support for the laboring mother
31
Alternatives to hospital birth
Birthing center (5%)- Healthy moms and babies, no known complications Home births (less than 1%)- Attended by a midwife and near a hospital. Low-risk pregnancies
32
Newborn's first minutes of life:
First breath changes skin color (blue-pink) Eyes wide open Tiny fingers grab Toes stretch Mucus in the baby's throat is removed Umbilical cord cut Placenta is expelled Baby is tested
33
APGAR tests for
Activity, Pulse, Grimace, Appearance, Respiration
34
When is the apgar given?
Right after birth
35
Significance of lower-number APGAR score?
6 or below goes to NICU 7 and above goes to healthy baby nursery
36
Percentage of births by C-section
21%, 1/5 of deliveries. 10% are medically necessary
37
VBAC
Vaginal Birth After Caesarean Risk of uterine rupture: 1/1000
38
Epidural
Anesthetic given between vertebrae. More than 70% use epidurals
39
Induction
Synthetic oxytocin via IV makes contractions stronger. 20% of deliveries
40
Teratogen
Things that can harm the prenatal brain or body
41
Teratogen examples
Drogs, diseases, medication, pesticides, stressful events, vitamin deficiencies, trace chemicals in food and water
42
Behavioral Teratogen
Affects the brain of the baby. Hyperactivity, antisocial, delayed learning Cigarettes and alcohol
43
Threshold effect
Teratogen is harmless in small doses but harmful once it reaches a certain level
44
Interaction Effect
Combination of Teratogens, a combination lowers the threshold of both
45
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
An embryo exposed to heavy drinking can develop facial abnormalities
46
Fetal Alcohol Effects
Poor concentration, impaired spatial reasoning, learning difficulties
47
Innate Vulnerability
Each person is more or less suseptible dependent on their genes
48
Neural Tube Defects
Spina Bifida Anencephaly (part of the brain is missing)
49
Neural Tube defects cause
Low levels of folic acid
50
Issue around the use of over the counter or prescription medications during pregnancy?
Drugs may interact, some products may be untested, some may be just downright harmful
51
What is the AFP test?
Alpha-Feta Protein Test
52
What does the AFP test for?
Abnormal levels of a protein can is generally associated with down syndrome Can give false positives
53
How many weeks gestation is pre-term birth?
38 weeks
54
Frequency of Low Birth Weight LBW increased or decreased?
Increased
55
Causes of LBW
Assistive Reproductive Tech Malnutrition Food insecurity Drug use Obesity, Teen pregnancy
56
Effects of LBW
More likely to become overweight Have other health problems especially heart problems
57
What is SGA
Small for Gestational Age
58
What causes SGA?
Placenta problems, maternal illnesses, drug use, tobacco use, malnutrition in mom
59
Role of new fathers
Reduce the risk of birth complications. Help mom stay healthy, drug free, stress free
60
Immigrant Paradox
Rate of LBW is lower in immigrant families.
61
Cerebral Palsy?
Results from damage to the brain's motor centers. Difficulty with muscle control so speech and body movements are impaired
62
Anoxia?
Lack of oxygen. Can cause brain damage or death
63
Three main reflexes
Grasp Moro- startle reflex, arms go out Stepping
64
Percentage of women that have post-partum depression
15% of women
65
Causes of Post-partum depression
Life-style changes, financial stress, relationship stress, hormonal changes, diet, exercise
66
How can we reduce post partum depression
Breastfeeding, good eating, emotional support, sunlight, talk to someone
67
Couvade?
Symptoms of pregnancy and birth experienced by the father
68
Parent infant bond?
Strong loving connection that forms and parents hold and feed newborn
69
Kangaroo care?
Parents hold the infant on their bare chest (usually for an hour)
70
Kangaroo care benefits
Better sleep, growth, brain development

Child Dev (12 decks)

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