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Child Dev > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Body Size

A

Growth is fast, consequences of neglect can be severe, gains need to be monitored

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2
Q

How much does the average child weigh at birth?

A

7-7.5 lbs.
Weight doubles by 4th month
Triples by age 1
Physical growth slows in 2nd year
By 24 months weight is about 28-30 lbs

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3
Q

What age do children reach half their adult height?

A

2 years old

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4
Q

50th percentile?

A

Baby is exactly average

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5
Q

20th percentile?

A

Baby is smaller than most babies

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6
Q

Significance of a change in percentile?

A

Baby is not getting enough nutrition

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7
Q

Significance of healthy sleep patterns in infancy

A

Brain maturation, learning, emotional regulation

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8
Q

Hours a day spent sleeping

A

17

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9
Q

Characteristics of REM sleep?

A

flickering eyes, dreaming, rapid brain waves

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10
Q

Transitional Sleep

A

Dozing half-awake, half-asleep state

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11
Q

Slow Wave Sleep

A

Deeper Dreamless sleep. Increases around 3-4 months

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12
Q

Co-sleeping

A

Parents and baby sleep in the same room

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13
Q

Bed-Sharing

A

Sleeping in the same bed as baby. Dangerous for baby because you can roll over onto the baby and kill it

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14
Q

Head-sparing

A

Biological mechanism that protects the brain when malnutrition affects body growth

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15
Q

What does a newborn’s brain weigh compared to an adult’s?

A

25% of the adult brain weight

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16
Q

Two year old’s brain weigh compared to an adults?

A

75% of the adult brain weight

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17
Q

Main cause of the increase in weight of the baby’s brain

A

Creation of lots of dendrites in the baby’s first year

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18
Q

Neuron

A

Brain and nervous system cell

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19
Q

Dendrite

A

Fiber that extends from the neuron and receives impulses from other neuron’s axons

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20
Q

Axon

A

Fiber that extends from a neuron

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21
Q

Synapse

A

Intersection between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another

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22
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Carry info from the axon of one to the dendrite of another

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23
Q

Myelin

A

Fatty coating on the axon that speeds transmission

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24
Q

Cortex

A

Thinking, feeling, sensing,
Outer layer of the brain
Conscious thought

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25
Prefrontal cortex
Front part of cortex that assists in planning, self-control and self-regulation
26
Limbic system
Amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus produce emotions
27
Amygdala
Registers strong emotion, especially fear
28
Hippocampus
Memory
29
Hypothalamus
Produces hormones, especially cortisol
30
Cortisol
Stress hormone
31
Pituitary Gland
Works with hypothalamus to produce hormones
32
Transient exuberance
Five-fold increase in dendrites in the cortex. Temporary state of rapid growth. Happens in the 24 months after birth
33
Pruning
When the unused neurons and disconnected dendrites atrophy and die
34
Experience-expectant
The infant requires basic common experiences to develop normally. Food, light, touch
35
Experience dependent
These are optional for development, depend on the environment being created Bilinguacy
36
Effects of Lack of Brain Stimulation?
Isolation and sensory deprivation harm the developing brain Social and emotional development Emotionally and cognitive damage
37
Effects of too much stress?
Adult may be hypervigilant or emotionally flat
38
Shaken Baby Syndrome
A baby is shaken to make it stop crying. Damages the brain and can cause death
39
Self-righting
An inborn drive to remedy a developmental deficit
40
Piaget's first stage of cognitive theory
Sensorimotor
41
Sensation
Response of the sensory system to a stimulus
42
Perception
The mental processing of sensory information. The brain interprets a sensation
43
Cognition
Thinking about the perceived sensory event
44
When does the sense of hearing develop?
Last trimester. Acute at birth
45
How do newborns show they can hear?
Turn towards parents voices
46
What sense is least developed at birth?
Vision. Legally blind
47
Ideal range of an infant's vision?
Between 4 and 30 inches away
48
Binocular Vision
Ability to focus both eyes in a coordinated manner, develops at 2-4 months
49
Forms of touch soothing to infants
Caressing, patting, holding them, swaddling
50
Gross motor skills
Learned ability to move some part of the body
51
Gross motor milestones
Sitting, crawling, walking, jumping
52
When can most babies sit up unsupported
6 months
53
Crawling begins
5 months
54
Walk independently
12 months
55
Fine motor skills
Small body movements
56
What age can babies grasp things intentionally
6 months
57
Three factors determine when a baby develops motor skills
Brain maturation, muscle development, practice
58
Benefits of breastfeeding
Nutition balance Less infant illness Childhood vision Stronger jaws Higher IQ
59
Colostrum
Thick, high calorie fluid secreted by a woman's breast for the first three days after birth
60
Malnutrition affects children:
Brains don't develop normally, no body reserves to protect against common diseases, some diseases result directly from malnutrition
61
Stunting
Too short for their height
62
Wasting
Underweight for their age
63
Kwashiorkor
Chronic malnutrition that causes a distended belly. Child is more susceptible to diseases like measles, diarrhea, and the flu
64
Position of Baby to reduce SIDS
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Child Dev (12 decks)

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