Chapter 4

Question 1

A woman believes a famous actor is in love with her, despite never meeting him. She functions normally otherwise. Which diagnosis is most likely?
A. Schizophrenia
B. Delusional Disorder (Erotomanic Type)
C. Bipolar I
D. Brief Psychotic Disorder

Answer 1

✅ Answer: B – Delusional Disorder can present with erotomanic delusions without significant functional impairment.

Question 2

A man experiences grandiose delusions and talks rapidly about unrealistic business ideas for 9 days, without sleeping. He feels great but isn’t eating or resting. Which episode is this?
A. Hypomania
B. Major Depression
C. Mania
D. Schizoaffective

Answer 2

✅ Answer: C – Mania lasts 1+ week with elevated mood and goal-directed activity.

Question 3

A 20-year-old presents with delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech lasting 3 weeks. Which diagnosis fits best?
A. Brief Psychotic Disorder
B. Schizophrenia
C. Schizophreniform Disorder
D. Delusional Disorder

Answer 3

✅ Answer: C – Schizophreniform is diagnosed when symptoms last 1–6 months.

Question 4

A man sees vivid, disturbing images while fully awake that no one else sees. These are best described as:
A. Delusions
B. Hallucinations
C. Loose associations
D. Dissociation

Answer 4

✅ Answer: B – Hallucinations are sensory experiences without stimuli.

Question 5

A woman has delusions and hallucinations lasting 2 months, with depressive symptoms lasting throughout. What is the likely diagnosis?
A. Schizoaffective Disorder
B. Bipolar I
C. Major Depressive Disorder with Psychosis
D. Schizophrenia

Answer 5

✅ Answer: A – Schizoaffective includes both psychotic symptoms and a major mood episode for a significant duration.

Question 6

A patient speaks in random words that don’t connect and make no sense. This is an example of:
A. Tangentiality
B. Word Salad
C. Grandiose Thinking
D. Delusion

Answer 6

✅ Answer: B – “Word salad” is a hallmark of severely disorganized speech.

Question 7

Which is not a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
A. Alogia
B. Avolition
C. Hallucination
D. Anhedonia

Answer 7

✅ Answer: C – Hallucination is a positive symptom.

Question 8

A person believes their thoughts are being controlled by a satellite. This is an example of:
A. Delusion of reference
B. Delusion of control
C. Persecutory delusion
D. Thought broadcasting

Answer 8

✅ Answer: B – The belief that external forces control one’s actions.

Question 9

A person meets full schizophrenia criteria for only 3 weeks and then fully recovers. What diagnosis applies?
A. Schizoaffective
B. Schizophrenia
C. Brief Psychotic Disorder
D. Bipolar I

Answer 9

✅ Answer: C – Brief Psychotic Disorder lasts 1 day to less than 1 month.

Question 10

Which condition requires at least one manic episode for diagnosis, even without depression?
A. Bipolar II
B. Bipolar I
C. Cyclothymia
D. Major Depressive Disorder

Answer 10

✅ Answer: B – Bipolar I only needs one manic episode for diagnosis.

Question 11

True or False: Delusions are beliefs based on reality but exaggerated.

Answer 11

❌ False – Delusions are fixed false beliefs, not based on reality.

Question 12

True or False: Schizoaffective disorder always includes depressive episodes.

Answer 12

✅ True – It includes a mood episode (depressive or manic) with psychotic symptoms.

Question 13

True or False: Word salad is a type of disorganized speech.

Answer 13

✅ True – It’s a severe form of incoherent, jumbled language.

Question 14

True or False: Hallucinations in schizophrenia are always visual.

Answer 14

❌ False – Auditory hallucinations are the most common in schizophrenia.

Question 15

True or False: Negative symptoms are more disabling than positive symptoms in schizophrenia.

Answer 15

✅ True – They impact functioning and motivation long-term.

Question 16

True or False: A person with Delusional Disorder typically has impaired daily functioning.

Answer 16

❌ False – Functioning is usually intact outside of the delusion.

Question 17

True or False: Bipolar II requires at least one manic episode.

Answer 17

❌ False – Bipolar II requires hypomania and depression, not mania.

Question 18

True or False: Catatonia is a form of disorganized motor behavior.

Answer 18

✅ True – It’s marked by decreased reactivity, including immobility or bizarre postures.

Question 19

True or False: Hypomania lasts longer than mania.

Answer 19

❌ False – Mania lasts 1+ week; hypomania is shorter (about 4 days).

Question 20

True or False: Schizophrenia can be diagnosed even if symptoms last less than a month.

Answer 20

❌ False – Schizophrenia requires symptoms for at least 6 months.

Question 21

This disorder involves periods of hypomania and depression for at least 2 years but never meets full criteria for either episode.

Answer 21

✅ Answer: Cyclothymic Disorder

Question 22

A person shows diminished emotional expression, speech output, and motivation.

Answer 22

✅ Answer: Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Question 23

False belief that one’s thoughts are being inserted into their mind by an external force.

Answer 23

✅ Answer: Thought Insertion

Question 24

Speech pattern that includes random, unconnected words, resembling gibberish.

Answer 24

✅ Answer: Word Salad

Question 25

Presence of delusions or hallucinations for less than one month with full return to baseline.

Answer 25

✅ Answer: Brief Psychotic Disorder

Question 26

Defined by abnormalities in one or more of the following five domains: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking (speech), grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behavior (including catatonia), and negative symptoms.

Answer 26

Schizophrenia Spectrum

Question 27

Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

Answer 27

1) Schizotypal personality disorder 2) Schizophrenia 3) Delusional disorder 4) Schizoaffective disorder 5) Schizophreniform disorder 6) Brief psychotic Disorder

Question 28

are fixed beliefs that are not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence.

Answer 28

Delusions

Question 29

belief that one is going to be harmed, harassed, and so forth

Answer 29

Persecutory delusions

Question 30

belief that certain gestures, comments, environmental cues, and so forth are directed at oneself.

Answer 30

Referential delusions

Question 31

when an individual believes that he or she has exceptional abilities, wealth, or fame

Answer 31

Grandiose delusions

Question 32

when an individual believes falsely that another person is in love with him or her.

Answer 32

Erotomanic delusions

Question 33

involve the conviction that a major catastrophe will occur.

Answer 33

Nihilistic delusions

Question 34

focus on preoccupations regarding health and organ function.

Answer 34

Somatic delusions

Question 35

odd beliefs that are implausible and not understandable by others and does not happen in ordinary life.

Answer 35

Bizarre Delusions

Question 36

belief that one's thoughts have been "removed" by some outside force

Answer 36

Thought withdrawal

Question 37

belief that alien thoughts have been put into one's mind.

Answer 37

Thought insertion

Question 38

belief that one's body or actions are being acted on or manipulated by some outside force.

Answer 38

Delusions of control

Question 39

are perception-like experiences that occur without an external stimulus. They are vivid and clear, with the full force and impact of normal perceptions, and not under voluntary control.

Answer 39

Hallucinations

Question 40

Through the senses:

Answer 40

visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile, gustatory.

Question 41

before falling asleep

Answer 41

Hypnagogic hallucinations

Question 42

after waking up

Answer 42

Hypnopompic hallucinations

Question 43

is typically inferred from the individual's speech.

Answer 43

Disorganized thinking (formal thought disorder)

Question 44

may switch from one topic to another.

Answer 44

Derailment or loose associations

Question 45

answers to questions may be obliquely related or completely unrelated.

Answer 45

Tangentiality

Question 46

severely disorganized speech that it is nearly incomprehensible and resembles receptive aphasia in its linguistic disorganization.

Answer 46

Incoherence or "word salad"

Question 47

marked decrease in reactivity to the environment

Answer 47

Catatonic behavior

Question 48

is a decrease in motivated self-initiated purposeful activities.

Answer 48

Avolition

Question 49

is manifested by diminished speech output.

Answer 49

Alogia

Question 50

is the decreased ability to experience pleasure from positive stimuli or a degradation in the recollection of pleasure previously experienced.

Answer 50

Anhedonia

Question 51

refers to the apparent lack of interest in social interactions.

Answer 51

Asociality

Question 52

A pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships, as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior, beginning

Answer 52

Schizotypal (Personality) Disorder

Question 53

They believe in things like telepathy, superstition, clairvoyance, or that their thoughts can influence the world. These beliefs are not grounded in reality, but they’re not as extreme as delusions found in schizophrenia.

Answer 53

Magical Thinkers

Question 54

before full symptoms of schizophrenia appear.

Answer 54

Premorbid Schizophrenia

Question 55

What personality disorder is marked by odd beliefs and behaviors, social anxiety, but no full-blown psychosis?

Answer 55

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Question 56

Which chronic mental disorder involves delusions, hallucinations, disorganized behavior, and lasts more than 6 months?

Answer 56

Schizophrenia

Question 57

Which disorder is characterized by non-bizarre delusions but no major hallucinations or disorganized speech?

Answer 57

Delusional Disorder

Question 58

What disorder includes symptoms of schizophrenia plus mood symptoms like depression or mania?

Answer 58

Schizoaffective Disorder

Question 59

What disorder has schizophrenia-like symptoms lasting more than 1 month but less than 6 months?

Answer 59

Schizophreniform Disorder