Chapter 5 Flashcards
(28 cards)
TRUE OR FALSE: Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) can be diagnosed for the first time in individuals older than 18 years.
Answer: False
Why False:
DMDD should not be diagnosed for the first time after age 18 or before age 6. The age range for initial diagnosis is specifically from 6 to 18 years old
TRUE OR FALSE: Major Depressive Disorder requires a person to exhibit at least five symptoms during two weeks, including either depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure.
Answer: True
Why True:
This is one of the core diagnostic criteria for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). At least 5 out of 9 symptoms must be present during the same 2-week period, and one must be either depressed mood or loss of interest/pleasure
TRUE OR FALSE: Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) are diagnosed using the same criteria.
Answer: False
Why False:
PMDD is more severe and requires at least five symptoms, including mood-related symptoms, while PMS does not require five. PMDD also demands clear timing related to the menstrual cycle and clinically significant distress
TRUE OR FALSE: A person with Selective Mutism refuses to speak in all situations, including at home.
Answer: False
Why False:
Selective Mutism is characterized by failure to speak in specific social situations, like school, but not all settings. These individuals can and do speak in other environments, such as at home with family
TRUE OR FALSE: Specific Phobias must cause significant distress or impairment and last for at least six months to be diagnosed.
Answer: True
Why True:
To be diagnosed as a Specific Phobia, the fear or anxiety must be out of proportion, persist for at least 6 months, and cause significant distress or impairment
Describe what Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder is.
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
chronic (Doesn’t go away), severe (Always intense), and persistent (Always)
frequent temper or outbursts, could be longer and intense
constant moody, angry, or in between
The symptoms (irritability + outbursts) must have lasted for at least 12 months, and there can’t be a long break (like 3 months straight) where the symptoms go away. This rule helps make sure it’s not just a “phase.”
✅ Key to remember: The problem must be long-term and consistent, not on and off.
Diagnosis is only made for ages 6–18, no younger, no older.
The difference between bipolar and disruptive
bipolar disorders are episodic conditions; disruptive mood dysregulation disorder is not.
What to do if ODD and DMDD are met?
DMDD is the diagnosis
Intermittent Explosive Disorder and DMDD
IED doesn’t require persistent disruption in mood and outbursts, IED (3 months active symptoms) DMDD (12 months)
Describe what a major depressive disorder
Five (or more) of the nine symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning: at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure.
The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
Symptoms after a significant loss (can resemble depression but may be normal grief reactions):
Intense sadness
Rumination (repetitive thinking) about the loss
Insomnia (trouble sleeping)
Poor appetite
Weight loss
What if the person has symptoms of ADHD
If the person also has symptoms of ADHD, they may be diagnosed with ADHD along with a mood disorder.
Adjustment Disorder vs MDD
Adjustment Disorder = “Too much stress reaction” — temporary emotional difficulty tied to a real-life event.
MDD = “Clinical depression” — a long-lasting, deeper mental disorder with multiple symptoms, may not have a trigger.
Normal Sadness
Normal Sadness = Healthy emotion, short-term, no diagnosis needed.
Adjustment Disorder = Stress response that’s more intense than expected.
MDD = Clinical depression, must meet DSM-5 criteria and cause serious impairment.
In MDD, To reach a total of five symptoms, one or more of the following must also be included:
loss of interest in usual activities, trouble concentrating, feeling very tired, big changes in appetite, sleeping too much or too little, feeling overwhelmed, or physical symptoms like breast tenderness, joint pain, bloating, or weight gain.
Describe what Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)
Combines what used to be called chronic major depression and dysthymic disorder”
Before, in older versions of the DSM:
Chronic Major Depression = major depression lasting 2+ years
Dysthymic Disorder = long-term mild depression
Now, both are combined into one disorder in the DSM-5 called:
Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD)
So whether it’s mild but long-lasting or major depression that lasts years, it’s now all under PDD.
🔸 “If someone has both this disorder and a personality disorder, they can be diagnosed with both”
This means:
If a person has Persistent Depressive Disorder and a personality disorder (like borderline, avoidant, etc.), you don’t have to choose just one.
Both diagnoses can be given at the same time because they are separate conditions.
Explain what Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
✅ Criteria A: Timing of Symptoms
“In the majority of menstrual cycles, at least five symptoms must be present in the final week before the onset of menses, start to improve within a few days after the onset of menses, and become minimal or absent in the week post-menses.”
What it means:
The symptoms happen every month (in most cycles).
They appear 1 week before the period starts.
The symptoms start to get better a few days after the period begins.
They become very mild or go away completely after the period (in the week after).
📌 Remember: It follows a pattern — worse before period → improves during → gone after.
✅ Criteria B: Mood-Related Symptoms
“One or more must be present: marked affective lability, marked irritability or anger, marked depressed mood, marked anxiety, tension, and/or feelings of being keyed up or on edge.”
At least 1 of these emotional symptoms must be present:
Marked affective lability
= Strong mood swings (e.g., suddenly feeling sad, crying for no reason, emotional ups and downs)
Marked irritability or anger
= Easily annoyed or angry, possibly having conflicts with others
Marked depressed mood
= Feeling hopeless, worthless, or deeply sad
Marked anxiety, tension, or feeling “keyed up”
= Feeling very nervous, tense, or on edge (like you can’t relax)
What is Criteria C in PDD?
At least one physical or behavioral symptom must be added to the emotional symptoms (from Criteria B) to make a total of 5 symptoms.
Examples include: tiredness, sleep changes, appetite changes, physical pain, bloating, or feeling overwhelmed.
The symptoms must cause serious distress and can’t just be part of another disorder (like depression or anxiety alone).
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder DDX in PS, Dysmenorheia, Other disorders
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): Unlike PMDD, PMS does not require at least five symptoms to be present.
Dysmenorrhea: This condition involves pain during menstruation and is different from PMDD because it does not include emotional or mood changes. It starts during this period.
Other Mood Disorders: When diagnosing PMDD, it’s important to focus on the specific criteria that show symptoms occurring before menstruation starts, rather than during or after.
Key points and symptoms of Separation Anxiety Disorder
✅ Key Points:
The person has excessive fear or anxiety about being separated from someone they’re emotionally attached to (e.g., parent, caregiver, partner).
The fear is not appropriate for their age (e.g., a 10-year-old acting like a toddler when separated).
It must last:
At least 4 weeks in children/adolescents
6 months or more in adults
It causes serious problems in daily life (school, work, relationships, etc.)
🧠 Symptoms (must have at least 3 out of 8):
Distress when anticipating or experiencing separation
Worry about losing major attachment figures or harm happening to them
Worry about something bad happening (like getting lost or kidnapped) that causes separation
Reluctance or refusal to go out, to school, work, or elsewhere due to fear of separation
Fear of being alone or without attachment figures
Reluctance or refusal to sleep away from home or without attachment figures
Nightmares about separation
Physical symptoms (like headaches, stomachaches) when separation is expected
Selective Mutism
Key Points:
The person consistently doesn’t speak in specific social situations (like school or public places), even though they can speak in other settings (like at home).
The silence is not due to shyness, a speech/language problem, or lack of language knowledge.
It interferes with daily functioning, especially in school, work, or social life.
The condition must last for at least 1 month (not just during the first few weeks of school).
The individual knows the language, but still doesn’t speak in certain settings.
a sudden feeling of intense fear or discomfort that peaks within minutes and includes four or more specific symptoms. After at least one attack, the person experiences a month of ongoing worry about having more attacks or their effects, and may also change their behavior to avoid situations where attacks could happen. This condition cannot be better explained by another mental disorder
Panic Disorders
Specific Phobia
Specific shit
Agoraphobia
What it is:
An intense fear or anxiety about two or more situations, like public transportation, open/enclosed spaces, crowds, or being alone.
Why they avoid it:
Because they fear that escape might be difficult or help wouldn’t be available if they have a panic attack or distressing symptoms.
Onset/Duration:
The fear is out of proportion to the actual danger and must last for 6 months or more to be diagnosed.
It involves excessive anxiety and worry about various events or activities happening more days than not for at least six months.
GAD
