Chapter 4 Flashcards
(23 cards)
Define motivation
The direction and intensity of one’s effort
Define direction of effort
The component of motivation that refers to whether an individual seeks, approaches, or is attracted to certain situations
Define intensity of effort
The component of motivation that refers to how much effort a person puts forth in a particular situation
Define trait-centered view (participant-centered view)
Motivated behavior is determined by individual characteristics or traits (personality, needs, goals)
Define situation-centered view
Motivated behavior is determine mostly by the situation
Define interactional view
Motivated behavior is determined by the interaction of the person and situation
Define competitiveness
A disposition to strive for satisfaction when making comparisons with some standard of excellence in the presence of evaluative others
Define need achievement theory
An interactional view made up of five components-personality factors or motives, situational factors, resultant tendencies, emotional reactions, and achievement-related behaviors-that considers both personal and situational factors as important predictors of behavior
Define probability of success
The ratio of success cases over all outcomes
Define incentive value of success
The pride a person will feel in achieving a goal
Define resultant tendency (behavioral tendency)
Considers an individual’s achievement motive levels in relation to situational factors (probability of success or incentive value of success)
Define attribution theory
Focuses on how people explain their failures and successes
Define stability
Basic attribution category that states a factor to which one attributes success or failure is either somewhat permanent or unstable
Define locus of causality
Basic attribution category that states a factor is either external or internal to the individual
Define locus of control
Basic attribution category that states a factor either is or is not under the individual’s control
Define achievement goal theory
Motivated behavior is determined by one’s interpretation of what it takes to achieve success. Specifically, a person’s achievement goals and perceived ability to interact to determine motivation
Define ego oriented
A person defines success based on beating or surpassing the performance of others
Define task oriented
A person defines success based on improvement or task proficiency
Define task goal orientation (mastery goal orientation)
The focus is on improving relative to one’s own past performances
Define entity view
Adoption of an ego goal perspective, where one sees ability as fixed and unable to be changed through effort
Define incremental focus
Adoption of a task goal perspective, where one sees ability as changeable through hard work and effort
Define competence motivation theory
People are motivated to feel worthy or competent and such feelings are the primary determinants of motivation
Define learned helplessness
An acquired condition in which a person perceives that their actions have no effect on the desired outcome of a task or skill
