Chapter 4 Flashcards
Selection Set
- Includes the visual, auditory, or tactile presentation of all messages, symbols, and codes that are available at one time to a person who relies on AAC
- Most AAC techniques utilize visual displays of items in the selection set
Types of Selection Sets
• Fixed (or static) displays
usually low tech
Types of Selection Sets
• Dynamic displays
when activated, change screen to show new set of symbols
Types of Selection Sets
• Hybrid displays
electronic fixed with dynamic component
Types of Selection Sets
• Visual Scene Display
– picture, photo, virtual environment depicting a situation, place, experience
o Can you use a VSD on a 7-level communicator?
• Yes, you can program visual scenes with a low tech device.
o How have companies compensated for the limited number of symbols or images available on a lower-tech device?
• They have created devices with levels. The super talked has 8 levels. 7-level communicator has 7 levels.
o Word prediction would fall into which category?
• Hybrid displays
Questions from content on page 77
Process
• You’ve already…
• Chosen messages (based on personal factors)
• Chosen symbolization or encoding strategies
o Now consider physical characteristics of selection set displays
• based on motor abilities
Physical Characteristics of Selection Set Displays
• Number of items (some have 6, some have 84)
• Size
o (2x2 or 1x1)
• Spacing and arrangement
o (space and where are words on the page?)
• Orientation of the display
o Which of these does your book say is most important?
• The number items that are shown
Number of Items
• Most important factor is the number of messages, symbols, codes, and commands that the individual requires
Size for visual displays
2 issues: 1. Individual item size – (for visual) determined by o visual capabilities, o motor access technique employed, o type of symbol, o number of items to be displayed 2. Overall display size – determined by o number of items that must be displayed o size of individual items o spacing of items o mounting and portability factors o physical capabilities of the person using the AAC
- Will it be carried? Carrying case?
- Does the person use a wheelchair?
Size for Auditory and Tactile Displays
• Auditory Displays
o Determined by the individual’s memory and ability to retain the organizational scheme of the display
• Tactile Displays
o Depends on tactile recognition capabilities
Spacing and Arrangement of Items
• Determined by
o Visual capabilities
o Motor control capabilities
Orientation
• Position of the display relative to the floor • Determined by o Postural capabilities o Visual capabilities o Motor capabilities
• If scanning, determined by
o Visual factors
o Postural factors
Selection Techniques
- Direct Selection
* Scanning
Direct Selection Options
• Physical contact - touch
• Physical pressure or depression – keyboards, headstick, pencil/stylus
• Pointing (no contact) – eye pointing, tracking, gazing, laser pointer, infrared
• Speech recognition – for those with mild/moderate distortion
o Some AAC systems support access options and others don’t.
o What about keyguards?
• Overlay on keyboard. Funnels motor movement to correct key.
Direct Selection Activations Strategies
• Timed activation – dwell time
o have to touch the button a set amount of time to activate it
• Release activation – maintain direct contact
o hand on the wrong button- move to the correct one and then let go to activate the right one
• Filtered or averaged activation
Scanning Patterns
• Circular scanning – least complicated
o Dial scanner- circle with 4 options, hit switch when blade gets to the option you want
• Linear scanning – passes over every option
• Group-item scanning – ex. Row-column scanning (can make own groups)
o #1 reason for choosing scanning over direct selection?
• physical abilities or disabilities
• being unable to directly select because of a physical impairment is the main reason why a person has to scan
• it should be easier to do direct selection because it is on their own time versus whether working under a timed environment in scanning
• find the way a person can directly select first→ toes, knuckles, head pointer, etc.…
• If not, then go to scanning
Consider
• Scanning timing and speed
• Selection Control techniques
o Directed (inverse) scanning – activate switch until desired selection then quit activation
• let go when hear the desired one
o Automatic (regular or interrupted scanning) – activate switch to start scanning then activate switch to stop scanning
• hit switch to start, hit switch to stop
o Step scanning – only moves through selections if switch is activated, then either pause or use another switch to choose selection
• only goes to next one when you hit switch
Feedback
• Provided during message construction
• Purposes:
1. Activation feedback
o Let the individual using AAC know that an item has been selected – click, ding, beep…
2. Message feedback
o Provide the individual with information about the message that has been formulated or selected
• Available through auditory, visual, tactile, or proprioceptive modalities
Message Output
• Refers to the information that users of AAC send to their communication partners o Voice (audio) output o Synthesized • A synthetic voice. Text speech, computer voice. o Digitized • A recorded voice played back. • Visual output o Hard copy o Computer screen messages o Unaided symbols o Aided symbol displays • Voice banking o Save voice by recording it saying different things and can use that in a device later. Used commonly with ALS. o There are websites for voice banking
Message Input
• Refers to the information that users of AAC receive from others
o Visual input
o Unaided symbols
o Aided symbols
• aided language stimulation
• System for Augmenting Language
clinician uses AAC device as well as client (both use LAMP, helps in proficiency for client)
Synthesized Speech vs Digital Speech
• Synthesized
o Computer generated
• Digitized
o Natural speech that has been recorded
Visual Output
- To supplement synthetic speech
- To write letters
- To complete assignments
- To leave notes
- To make lists
- To keep a personal journal
Hard Copy
• Printer for output on paper
