Chapter 4

Question 0

Direct costs

Answer 0

Costs associated with providing health services such as diagnosis and treatment to people as a result of a particular condition

Question 1

Autoimmune disease

Answer 1

A disease caused by the body’s immune system attacking normal body cells

Question 2

Health promotion

Answer 2

The process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health

Question 3

Indirect costs

Answer 3

Costs not directly related to diagnosis and treatment of the disease, but occur as a result of the person having the disease, such as loss of productivity

Question 4

Intangible costs

Answer 4

Things that can’t be measured physically or with a monetary measure, such as pain and suffering

Question 5

Tumour

Answer 5

a group or cluster of abnormal cells

Question 6

The NHPAs are selected as a result of on or more of the following

Answer 6

• they contribute significantly to the burden of disease( increase morbidity & mortality, and lower life expectancy)
• there is potential for significant improvements in health to be made ( that is they are largely preventable diseases)
• there is potential to reduce health inequalities between population groups
• there is potential for a range of strategies to be be implemented that can improve health in these areas

Question 7

Obesity

Answer 7

Relates to carrying excess body weight in the form of fat. For adults, obesity is defined as having a BMI of over 30, or a waist measurement of more than 89 centimetres for women and 102 centimetres for men.

Question 8

Cardiovascular health

Answer 8

Refers to the health of the heart and blood vessels.

For example, hypertension, coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease and stroke.

Question 9

Osteoarthritis

Answer 9

Is characterised by the cartilage being worn down, which usually cushions the joints where bones meet. ( bone rubs on bone)

Question 10

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 10

Is an autoimmune disease characterised by inflammation of the joints.

Question 11

Osteoporosis

Answer 11

Is a disease where bone density deteriorates, leaving the bone weak and more prone to fracture.

Question 12

Juvenile arthritis

Answer 12

Refers to any form of arthritis that occurs in an individual under the age of 16.

Question 13

Back problems

Answer 13

Refer to conditions of the muscles, bones, joints and nerves of the back.

Question 14

Cancer

Answer 14

Is a general term for a number of different conditions where uncontrolled mutation and growth of cells threaten to damage other parts of the body.

Question 15

Diabetes mellitus

Answer 15

Is a chronic condition in which the sufferer is unable to utilise blood glucose correctly.

Question 16

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 16

Is characterised by the pancreas not producing enough (if any) insulin to allow glucose from the blood into the cells.

Question 17

Dementia

Answer 17

A term to describe over 100 conditions that are characterised by progressive and irreversible loss of brain function.

Question 18

Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 18

Is characterised by the build up of proteins both in and around brain cells.

Question 19

Vascular dementia

Answer 19

Occurs as a result of reduced blood flow to the brain.

This can occur due to a stroke.