Chapter 4

Question 1

hippocampus

Answer 1

subcortical structure that participates in memory

Question 2

frontal lobe

Answer 2

location of the primary motor cortex; responsible for some of the most complex cognitive processes

Question 3

endocrine system

Answer 3

responsible for the release of hormones into the bloodstream

Question 4

cerebellum

Answer 4

structure attached to the brainstem that participates in skilled movement and complex cognitive processing

Question 5

somatic nervous system

Answer 5

brings sensory information to the central nervous system and transmits commands to the muscles

Question 6

parietal lobe

Answer 6

located at the top of the brain and includes the primary somatosensory cortex

Question 7

hypothalamus

Answer 7

subcortical structure that participates in the regulation of thirst, temperature, hunger, sexual behavior, and aggression

Question 8

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 8

directs the activity of glands, organs, and smooth muscles that coordinate arousal

Question 9

glia

Answer 9

performs a variety of support functions, including formation of the blood-brain barrier and myelin

Question 10

nucleus accumbens

Answer 10

subcortical structure that participates in reward and addiction

Question 11

dendrite

Answer 11

branch from the neural cell body that usually receives input from other neurons

Question 12

orbitofrontal cortex

Answer 12

part of the brain located right behind the eyes that participates in impulse control

Question 13

hippocampus

Answer 13

subcortical structure that participates in memory

Question 14

cerebral cortex

Answer 14

thin layer of neurons covering the outer surface of the cerebral hemispheres

Question 15

autonomic nervous system

Answer 15

directs the activity of glands, organs, and smooth muscles

Question 16

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 16

carries sensory and motor information to and from the rest of the body

Question 17

amygdala

Answer 17

subcortical structure located in the temporal lobe believed to participate in emotional processing

Question 18

prefrontal cortex

Answer 18

most forward part of the brain

Question 19

axon

Answer 19

branch of a neuron that is usually responsible for transmitting information to other neurons

Question 20

orbitofrontal cortex

Answer 20

part of the brain located right behind the eyes that participates in impulse control

Question 21

basal ganglia

Answer 21

collection of subcortical structures that participate in the control of movement

Question 22

corpus callosum

Answer 22

wide band of nerve fibers connecting the right and left cerebral hemispheres

Question 23

medulla

Answer 23

brainstem structure that lies just above the spinal cord

Question 24

midbrain

Answer 24

part of the brainstem that lies between the pons and the cerebral hemispheres

Question 25

pons

Answer 25

part of the brainstem located between the medulla and the midbrain

Question 26

temporal lobe

Answer 26

curves around the side of each hemisphere of the brain and includes the primary auditory cortex

Question 27

myelin

Answer 27

insulating material covering some axons

Question 28

neuron

Answer 28

cell of the nervous system that is specialized to send and receive messages

Question 29

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 29

directs the activity of glands, organs, and smooth muscles associated with rest, repair, and energy storage

Question 30

occipital lobe

Answer 30

located at the back of the brain and includes the primary visual cortex

Question 31

enteric nervous system

Answer 31

consists of nerve cells embedded in the lining of the gastrointestinal system

Question 32

cingulate cortex

Answer 32

subcortical structure above the corpus callosum participating in decision making, emotion, memory, and visual processing

Question 33

thalamus

Answer 33

subcortical structure involved with the processing of sensory information, states of arousal, learning, and memory

Question 34

receptor

Answer 34

special channel in the membrane of a neuron interacting with neuro_transmitters released by other neurons

Question 35

synapse

Answer 35

point of communication between two neurons

Question 36

reticular formation

Answer 36

collection of structures along the midline of the brainstem participating in mood, arousal, and sleep

Question 37

what do twin studies/adoption studies do?

Answer 37

helps researchers study nature/nurture

Question 38

are twins raised together more different or more similar?

Answer 38

More different!

Question 39

epigenetics

Answer 39

changes in gene expression due to non-genetic reasons

Question 40

Nature or nurture?

Answer 40

always both!

Question 41

heredity

Answer 41

the genetic transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring

Question 42

hereditability coefficient

Answer 42

an estimate of the genetic proportion of the variation of some specific trait