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Sat World history > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What’s prehistory?

A

prehistory is the earliest times of human society, where there were no written records

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2
Q

What’s material culture?

A

the physical remnants of a society

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3
Q

What’s the Paleolithic period?

A

the old stone age: to c. 8500 BCE

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4
Q

What happened during the Paleolithic period?

A
  1. people began to use tools made of stone

2. people began to develop culture (language, etc.)

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5
Q

What’s the earliest time period about which historians have reliable evidence of?

A

the Paleolithic period

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6
Q

What’s the neolithic period?

A

the new stone age

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7
Q

What happened during the neolithic period?

A

from c. 8500 to c. 3500

  1. people began to settle down to farm the land
  2. people began to domesticate plants and animals
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8
Q

What happened in Mesopotamia?

A

also called the fertile crescent, one of the first regions in which humans developed full scale civilization.

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9
Q

What’s the first domesticate danimal

A

dog

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10
Q

What animals did the Middle East and Europe domesticate?

A
  1. sheep
  2. goats
  3. cows
  4. pigs
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11
Q

What animal did North Africa domesticate

A

donkeys

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12
Q

What animal did arabia domesticate

A

camel

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13
Q

What animal did Asia domesticate

A

water buffalo

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14
Q

What’s pastoralism?

A

a form of agriculture where you tend animals and move them from place to place to get the best water and pasture land

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15
Q

Where did people practice pastoralism?

A

africa and central asia

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16
Q

What’re the effects of the neolithic revolution?

A

effects of the neolithic revolution:

  1. architecture
  2. social structure
  3. art
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17
Q

What’re some characteristics of a civilization?

A

characteristics of a civilization:

  1. settled agriculture
  2. gov’t
  3. religion
  4. writing
  5. social structure
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18
Q

Where’s Mesopotamia?

A

between the tigris and Euphrates rivers

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19
Q

What’s the cradle of human civilization?

A

mesopotamia

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20
Q

Who are the Sumerians?

A

the Sumerians are people who settled in Mesopotamia around 3500 BCE

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21
Q

What did Sumerians speak

A

semitic

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22
Q

what’s semitic

A

a language that includes Hebrew, Aramaic, and arabic

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23
Q

What did the Sumerians do?

A

the developed the first written language and invented the wheel

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24
Q

who developed settled agriculture

A

the sumerians

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25
Q

What was the Sumerian leadership like

A

kings and pirests

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26
Q

What’re ziggurats?

A

step pyramid temples that symbolize the power of kings, priests, and gods

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27
Q

who made ziggurats

A

sumerians

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28
Q

What’s the written language of the Sumerians?

A

cuneiform script

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29
Q

What’s cuneiform

A

wedge shaped markings

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30
Q

What was the transport in ancient Mesopotamia?

A
  1. wheeled carts pulled by animals

2. horse drawn chariots

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31
Q

who conquered the sumerians

A

akkadians

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32
Q

who’s the leader of the akkadians

A

sargon

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33
Q

Who’s Hammurabi?

A

a ruler of old babylonian

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34
Q

what did Hammurabi do

A

Hammurabi created Hammurabi’s code

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35
Q

what’s Hammurabi’s code

A

a legal code of ancient mesopotamia

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36
Q

what’s the capital of assyrians

A

nineveh

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37
Q

Who conquered Babylon?

A

Alexander the great

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38
Q

What’s Babylon?

A

the heart of mesopotamia

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39
Q

why’s the nile important?

A
  1. it flooded every year, providing irrigation and silt for crops
  2. it also provided papyrus
  3. transport
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40
Q

why’s papyrus important for Egyptians

A

it’s used to make paper, rope, and sails

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41
Q

What’re pharaohs?

A

Egyptian god kings

42
Q

What’s the book of the dead?

A

an Egyptian book that contains spells and instructions to guide the spirit in the afterlife

43
Q

What did Egyptians excel at

A
  1. anatomy
  2. math
  3. astronomy
44
Q

What’re the bantu migrations

A

The Bantu Migration was a massive migration of people across Africa around 1500 BCE when they began to settle into an agricultural lifestyle

45
Q

What was the kush civilization

A

a civilization in Egypt that was heavily influenced by Egyptian culture

46
Q

What’re the two major cities in the Indus River valley in india

A
  1. harappa

2. mohenjo daro

47
Q

what were Harappa and mohenjo daro?

A

cities in the Indus River valley that were walled cities in a grid structure

48
Q

What was special about Harappa and mohenjo daro?

A
  1. it had sewage systems and drainage structures to transport waste
  2. irrigation
  3. major trading centers
49
Q

What was the social structure of the Indus River valley?

A

it was controlled by priests

50
Q

Who were the aryans

A

nomadic herders from Asia that moved to india between 1600 and 1000 BCE and developed and agricultural civilization in the ganges river valley.

51
Q

What did the aryan empire do?

A

it developed hinduism and buddhism

52
Q

What’re brahmins?

A

priests

53
Q

What’s the caste structure of India’s society?

A 
indian society:
1 brahmin
2. merchants
3. warriors
4. peasants
5. untouchables
54
Q

What’re Varnas?

A

india’s social categories like brahmin and merchants

55
Q

What’s miscegenation?

A

marriage between two people of different ethnic groups or castes

56
Q

What’re some hindu beliefs?

A
  1. ur caste determined your life path
  2. your soul is reincarnated
  3. karma
57
Q

What’s the basis of buddhist beliefs?

A

four noble truths

58
Q

what’re the buddhist four noble truths?

A
  1. life is suffering
  2. suffering is the result of craving permanence
  3. craving may be stopped
  4. you stop cravings by following the eightfold path
59
Q

What’s the buddhist eightfold path?

A

the code of personal and mental conduct you follow to stop cravings

60
Q

what’re some buddhist ideals?

A
  1. four noble truths

2. eightfold path

61
Q

What did buddha do?

A

he rejected the Indian caste system and believed in equality

62
Q

What’s a benefit of settling along the yellow river in china

A

periodic flooding led to fertile soil

63
Q

What’s the xia dynasty?

A
  1. it was ruled by a collection of clans, each with its own ruler
  2. walled cities
64
Q

What’s the Shang dynasty?

A
  1. the first dynasty to have a written record

2. developed Chinese pictographic writing system

65
Q

what were the Shang like?

A

they were nomad warriors

66
Q

What’s the mandate of heaven?

A

the power to rule came from the gods in china

67
Q

What’s the feudal system

A

vassals served in exchange for fiefs of land from which they collect revenue

68
Q

What’re vassals in the feudal system

A

leaders that were loyal to their masters in exchange for fiefs

69
Q

What’s Feng shui

A

the idea that human built structures should be harmoniously aligned with nature

70
Q

what’s the warring states period

A

when the many rulers in china fought for dominance

71
Q

What’s sun tzu’s art of war?

A

a military handbook from china

72
Q

What’re the analects?

A

a collection of confucian sayings

73
Q

What’s confucianism?

A

primarily ethical, and rooted in the development of specific leadership and personal qualities for the purpose of creating a good gov’t

74
Q

What’s filial piety

A

children have to respect parents

75
Q

What’s legalism?

A

a form of strict authoritarian rule in china

76
Q

What’s taoism?

A

a religion that’s nature based from china

77
Q

Did early american civilizations develop in river valleys?

A

no

78
Q

what’re the features of the olmec civilization?

A
  1. fishing is a major for source
  2. irrigation
  3. settled agriculture
79
Q

where’s the olmec civilization

A

mesoamerica

80
Q

What’s the distinctive architecture of the olmec civilization

A

enormous stone heads

81
Q

What’s the religion of the olmec?

A

polytheistic

82
Q

What’re the features of the teotihuacan culture?

A
  1. large urban areas

2. temples to the snake god quetzalcoatl

83
Q

where’s the teotihuacan culture located?

A

central Mexico

84
Q

What’s the high point of mesoamerican civilization?

A

the mayan civilzation

85
Q

What’re the features of the mayan civilization

A
  1. urban society
  2. complex religion
  3. monumental architecture
86
Q

What’re the major civilizations in mesoamerica?

A
  1. olmec
  2. teotihuacan
  3. mayan
87
Q

what’s the main weakness in all of the mesoamerican civilizations?

A

no major river around which to grow.

88
Q

What’s the logographic writing system?

A

a single character represents a complete unit of meaning

89
Q

examples of the logographic writing system?

A

Chinese, Korean, japanese

90
Q

What’s the alphabetic writing system?

A

a single letter represents a sound, or part of a syllable

91
Q

What’s the syllabic writing system?

A

a single character represents a syllable or group of sounds

92
Q

Where’s the chavín located?

A

in the Andean mountains of Peru

93
Q

What’re the features of the chavin?

A
  1. terraced mounds and platforms

2. advanced metalwork

94
Q

What’re the two North American civilizations

A
  1. hopewell

2. mississippian

95
Q

Whats a feature of the hopewell and Mississippian North American civs?

A
  1. mound building
96
Q

What’s the importance of mound building?

A

defense, burial, ceremony, religion

97
Q

What’s a similarity between early societies?

A
  1. they used rivers to promote settled agriculture

2. gov’t system

98
Q

what’s the epic of gilgamesh?

A

epic of gilgamesh is an epic poem and one of the earliest known examples of literature, similar to the Hebrew bible

99
Q

What’s early egyptian civilization?

A

early egyptian civilization was the period of egyptian history (c. 3100 to c. 1200 BCE) marked by the repeated rise and fall of many dynasties.

100
Q

What two religions developed in india?

A
  1. buddhism

2. hinduism

101
Q

How did chinese civ. begin?

A

with xia, shang, and zhou dyn.

Sat World history (6 decks)

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