Chapter 5 Flashcards
(97 cards)
1
Q
Accomplishments of the Persian empire?
A
Accomplishments of the Persian empire:
- developed networks of roads
- developed systems of underground irrigation
2
Q
Who’s Cyrus 2?
A
Cyrus 2 is the first major leader of the union between the Persians and Medians
3
Q
Who’s Darius 1?
A
Darius 1 was the greatest leader of the Persian empire
4
Q
what happened to Persia under Darius 1?
A
Persia under Darius 1:
- first written language of Persia created
- codified legal codes
- standardized currency
- infrastructure (roads, canals, irrigation)
5
Q
What was Darius 1’s ruling style?
A
Darius 1’s ruling style:
1. divided Persia into 20 provinces, each of which was headed by a satrap
6
Q
what’s a satrap?
A
a provincial governor of Persia
7
Q
What did satraps do?
A
satraps (provincial governors of Persia) collected tributes of money or resources for the king
8
Q
What’s the Persian societal structure?
A
Persian societal structure:
- warriors
- priests
- peasants
9
Q
What was the religion of the Persians?
A
Persians were zoroastrianists
10
Q
Were the Persians monotheistic or polytheistic?
A
they were monotheistic
11
Q
What’s the god of Zoroastrianism called?
A
ahuramazda
12
Q
What’s a central feature of Zoroastrianism?
A
a central feature of Zoroastrianism is the struggle between good and evil
13
Q
What’s linear b?
A
Linear B is a script that the greeks used
14
Q
What’s Linear B like?
A
it’s written using pictograms
15
Q
What’s a polis?
A
a polis is the city state of Greece
16
Q
What’s an acropolis?
A
An acropolis was in ancient Greece a settlement, especially a citadel, built upon an area of elevated ground
17
Q
What’s an agora?
A
an agora is a gathering place for trade in Greece
18
Q
What’s the greek ruler Draco known for?
A
draconian (harsh) laws
19
Q
Who’s Solon?
A
Solon was a king of Athens, Greece
20
Q
What’s Solon’s greatest achievement?
A
solon’s greatest achievement was creating the council of four hundred
21
Q
What’s Sparta?
A
sparta is the military of Peloponnesus
22
Q
What’s Peloponnesus?
A
a peninsula in greece
23
Q
Who’s cleisthenes?
A
another ruler of Athens, Greece
24
Q
What did cleisthenes do?
A
he created voting districts, from which citizens were selected by lottery to the council of five hundred
25
who could participate democratically in the government in Athens, Greece?
free male citizens of athenian lineage
26
What's the ionian revolt?
the ionian revolt is when some greek city states revolted against Persian rule
27
What's the golden age of Athens?
the golden age is between the end of the Persian war in 479 BCE and 430 BCE.
- during this time athens founded the delian league
28
What's the delian league?
a military alliance that Athens formed
29
What's the parthenon?
a temple that honors Athena in athens
30
Who's Pericles?
pericles
1. led Athens into its golden age
2. led athens into the Peloponnesian war and its downfall
31
What's the Peloponnesian league?
a military alliance that sparta formed
32
What's the Peloponnesian war?
sparta vs. Athens in greee
33
who won the Peloponnesian war?
sparta won
34
What did Phillip of macedon do?
he conquered the balkan peninsula and many greek city states
35
Who's alexander the great?
Alexander the great was the macedonian king who conquered babylon, the heart of mesopotamia.
36
What's the hellenistic age?
when Alex the great spread greek culture throughout the Persian empire
37
What was the religion of the greeks?
greeks were polytheistic
38
Who were the sophists?
wise men that developed rhetoric (persuasive speaking) in Greece
39
What are oracles
sacred places where the gods communicated directly with humans in greece
40
what did socrates do?
a greek philosopher that focused on ethics
41
Who's plato?
plato founded a philosophical academy/college for young men in greece
42
Who's Aeneas?
a survivor of the trojan war
43
Who are the Etruscans?
people who lived along the coast of Italy
44
What's the government in ancient Rome?
it's republican
45
What's the gov't system in ancient Rome like?
1. branches of government
2. a senate
3. popular assemblies
46
What're the features of ancient Rome's gov't?
1. yearly term limits
| 2. dual office holders
47
What's the primary legislative and deliberative body of the roman gov't?
the senate
48
What're the punic wars?
the punic wars occurred between Carthage and Rome
49
Who's Hannibal?
a general from Carthage that invaded italy
50
What did Julius caesar do?
he
1. conquered france
2. invaded Britain
51
who is Julius caesar?
a leader of Rome
52
who's Octavian/augustus?
an emperor of Rome that was Caesar's son
53
what did Octavian do?
he created a new imperial gov't system, and gave himself the emperor more power.
54
What's Pax Romana?
Rome's greatest era of peace and prosperity
55
Who's Diocletian?
an emperor of Rome that created the tetrarchy, or rule of four
56
what did Diocletian do?
he broke the Roman Empire into 2 pieces
- one was ruled by rome
- one was ruled by greece
57
Who's Constantine?
an emperor of Rome that was pro-Christian
58
what did Constantine do?
Constantine passed the edict of Milan, which legalized Christianity
59
What's Constantinople?
the capital of Rome under Constantine's rule
60
What's homer and odyssey?
greek epics originally told as oral histories and eventually written down and attributed to Homer
61
What's justinian code?
the rule of law that significantly impacted europe's legal traditions.
62
who's emperor justinian?
the emperor of the byzantine empire between 527 and 565 CE.
63
What was special about the persian empire?
it was respectful to the diverse people it conquered, even allowing local leaderships to remain in power.
64
factors that caused the fall of rome?
factors that caused the fall of rome:
1. political and economic instability
2. barbarian invasions
3. rise of christianity
4. empire too big to manage
65
what did emperor justinian do?
1. he created the justinian code
| 2. constructed the Hagia sophia
66
What's the hagia sophia?
a church in Constantinople in the byzantine empire
67
What're the features of the Qin Dynasty?
features of the Qin Dynasty:
1. bureaucracy
2. standardized currency
3. writing system
4. weights and measures
68
Government system of the qin dynasty?
bureaucracy
69
What religion did the qin dynasty support
Legalism
70
What's the Qin dynasty ruler Qin shi huang known for?
1. he supported legalism and hated other religions
- he even started burning all books that didn't promote legalism, and persecuted other religious officials
2. he built a terra cotta army
3. started building the great wall of china
71
what caused the fall of the Qin dynasty?
peasants revolting caused the fall of hte qin dynasty
72
Order these chinese dynasties from oldest to newest: Sui, Tang, Han, Qin
1. Qin
- 221-206 BCE
2. Han
- 206 BCE-220 CE
3. Sui
- 581-618 CE
4. Tang
- 618-907 CE
(don't need to know the dates exactly, just have a general idea)
73
Who founded the han dynasty
liu bang
74
What was the dominant religion in the han dynasty?
confucianism
75
What happened under han dynasty leader Liu Bang's rule?
1. confucianism became popular
2. china developed the firt civil service
3. created silk road
76
What was the civil service that the han dynasty created?
it made gov't positions open to everyone that could pass the exams
77
What was the size of the han dynasty?
it included areas in korea and vietnam.
78
What's the silk road?
silk road are the trade routs along which silk and other luxury goods flowerd to the West.
79
Which dynasty created the silk road?
Han dynasty
80
Who founded the sui dynasty?
emperor wen
81
What did the sui dynasty do?
sui dynasty:
1. unified central china
2. built the Grand Canal
82
What was the religion during the sui dynasty?
the sui dynasty supported taoism, confucianism, and buddhism (very open-minded)
83
what's the grand canal?
the grand canal linked the yangzi and yelow rivers in china
84
What did the tang dynasty do?
tang dynasty:
1. created the block printing system
2. spread buddhism
85
What were the two empires in india?
1. mauryan empire
| 2. gupta empire
86
Who ruled the mauryan empire?
chandragupta maurya
87
What did the mauryan empire in india do?
mauryan empire:
1. state structure
2. caste structure
88
Who ruled the mauryan empire after the first leader chandragupta maurya?
chandragupta maurya's GRANDSON Asoka did
89
What did Asoka, the second leader of the mauryan empire, do?
asoka
1. expanded buddhism by converting to it and making it the state religion,and by constructing gigantic stone pillars
2. weakened Hinduism
90
Who ruled the gupta empire?
chandra gupta
91
What did the gupta empire in india do?
gupta empire:
1. supported hinduism
2. weakened buddhism
3. began the sanskrit language
92
which indian empire began the sanskrit language?
the gupta empire
93
What remained dominant throughout the Qin, Han, Sui, and Tang dynasties in China?
1. chinese language and culture
| 2. confucian philosophy
94
How were the falls of the Greece, Rome, Persia, and India empires similar?
1. hard to govern culturally diverse peoples
2. barbarian invasions
3. foreign religions and philosophies
4. citizen revolts
95
What religions did zoroastrianism influence?
1. judaism
2. christianity
3. islam
96
What's iliad and odyssey?
greek epics originally told as oral histories by Homer
97
What's the block printing system?
the chinese tang dynasty created it, printing patterns using woodern blocks
