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Sat World history > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What did the magna carta do?

A

the magna carta limited the powers of the monarch and made kings subject toe the rule of law

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2
Q

What’s the magna carta?

A

a document instituted in 1215 in england

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3
Q

What was the effect of the magna carta?

A

it set the stage for most modern forms of gov’ts in which there exist a separation of powers between the executive and legislative branches

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4
Q

What’s the hundred years’ war?

A

a long and constant confrontation between england and france, during which joan of arc played an important role

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5
Q

How is Joan of Arc relevant?

A

she played a role in the hundred years’ war, helping france win

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6
Q

What’s the spanish inquisition?

A

The process of removing all non-Christians from Spain in the late 15th
century.

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7
Q

What’s the babylonian captivity?

A

Name for the earlier Jewish exile in Babylon. During this period it refers to the moving of the Roman Catholic papacy from Rome to Avignon in France.

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8
Q

What’re the crusades?

A

The four major crusades represent the Roman Catholic Church’s desire
to reclaim the Holy Land for religious and political purposes.

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9
Q

how successful were the crusades?

A

Although temporarily successful at times, the crusades ultimately failed in the mission of taking Jerusalem from the control of Muslims.

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10
Q

What’s the Black Death?

A

the Black Death is A massive plague that started in China and swept across the globe,
eventually killing off one-third of Europe’s population

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11
Q

What’s the Renaissance?

A

the Renaissance Meaning “rebirth,” the Renaissance was a period of artistic and cultural rediscovery of the Greek and Roman heritage of Europe.

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12
Q

What’re the features of the Renaissance?

A

It is defined by humanism, and has many famous thinkers and artists including Sir Thomas More, Niccolo Machiavelli, Michelangelo, and Leonardo Da
Vinci.

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13
Q

What’s the Hanseatic League?

A

Representative of the rise of merchant guilds, and with them the middle class, The Hanseatic League was the most powerful of these
organizations. A collection of city-states banded together to establish common practices, defend ships, and establish a trade monopoly.

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14
Q

what’s beowulf?

A

Believed to be the oldest surviving epic poem of Old English and represent the story of historical Scandinavians

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15
Q

who’s Genghis Khan

A

Original leader of the Mongols, who united them to conquer vast swaths of the globe. Genghis Khan and his descendants terrorized and
then ruled over areas stretching from Europe to China.

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16
Q

what’s Feudalism?

A

Feudalism is The primary social and political structure of the early part of this period. Serfs lived on the lands of fiefs, which were ruled by vassals are feudal lords.

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17
Q

what’s a shogun?

A

Chief general in feudal Japan. The shogun was the center of power at that time, empowered by the emperor.

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18
Q

What’s Tenochtitlan?

A

Capital city of the Aztec Empire founded around 1325. This city represents the incredible architectural achievements of the Aztecs.

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19
Q

what’s Incan Empire (1476–1534)?

A

A large South American civilization centered in the capital Cuzco

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20
Q

What’re the challenges that the christian church faced after they replaced the roman empire?

A

internal conflict resulting in the Great Schism, the Crusades, the Black Death, the inception of early
nation-states with strong national leaders, and the ideas of the
Renaissance.

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21
Q

What happened since european nation states had limited access to trade with the east bc of the muslims?

A 
European nation states focused instead on port-based trade along the Atlantic, giving rise to a middle class of artisans,
merchants, and skilled tradesmen. Shipping and shipbuilding technology also flourished during this time.
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22
Q

how far did islam spread?

A

Islam spread as far as the

kingdom of Mali in West Africa, all the way to the islands of Indonesia in the East.

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23
Q

What did mongols conquer?

A

china, central asia, middle east, and russia

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24
Q

What happened as a result of increased global trade and mongol conquests?

A
  1. interactions among cultures

2. disease: the plague

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25
Q

what were the dominant cultures

in the Americas on the eve of contact with European explorers?

A

The Aztec and the Incan civilizations emerged as dominant cultures in the Americas on the eve of contact with European explorers.

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26
Q

what happened in the east from 1000-1500?

A
  1. rise of the Mongols

2. the Mongols reinvigorated trade between East and West along the Silk Road by providing political stability.

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27
Q

what was the role of the medieval church in christian europe?

A
  1. The kings of Europe had to listen to two major groups: the local nobility and the Church.
  2. the church led the combating of Islam’s spread and recapturing jerusalem
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28
Q

What’re Vassals?

A

Vassals are Lesser lords who provided military service, loyalty, and sometimes goods and services to their feudal lord, who protected the
vassals

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29
Q

what’s the Feudal Monarchy?

A

the Feudal Monarchy is A kingdom bolstered by the feudal system; nobility served the king as his vassals

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30
Q

What’re Fiefs?

A
  1. Fiefs are Lands granted to nobility in exchange for loyalty to the giver.
  2. The nobleman who
    received the fief ruled it and gathered its revenues for his own
    coffers.
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31
Q

What’re Serfs?

A

Serfs are Peasants who lived on the land of a fief.

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32
Q

The code of conduct for vassals (in their role as knights, or
mounted armed warriors serving the king), emphasizing warrior
qualities, generosity, and loyalty to one’s feudal lord

A

CHIVALRY is The code of conduct for vassals (in their role as knights, or
mounted armed warriors serving the king), emphasizing warrior
qualities, generosity, and loyalty to one’s feudal lord

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33
Q

What did medieval europe start?

A 
Medieval Europe saw the beginning of consolidation of ruling powers into
centralized governments (monarchies)
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34
Q

What happened between england and france beginning in the 12th century?

A
  • England began to claim large parts of present day France.
  • this led to revolts
    and, eventually, french independence
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35
Q

who were the two rulers in england?

A

william the conquerer and henry 2

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36
Q

What did henry 2 do?

A

he
1. built a government that functioned across English
lands, getting rid of the authority of local nobility
2. extended his power
over the judiciary to the clergy

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37
Q

What was the judicial power like in medieval england?

A

The royal courts were

opened to almost everyone, moving judicial power to the king and out of the hands of the local nobility.

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38
Q

Who was Thomas Becket?

A

Thomas Becket was the Archbishop of Canterbury and head of the Church in England

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39
Q

What did thomas becket do?

A

he fought for the church’s autonomy in england.

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40
Q

What’s the basis for basis for constitutional government in

England?

A

the magna carta

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41
Q

What’s the parliament in medieval england?

A

a permanent governing council that deliberated on issues important to the state.
- it brought together the king and nobles

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42
Q

What did medieval france and england fight over?

A

primarily over disagreements of sovereignty and territories

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43
Q

why did kings grant fiefs?

A

to gain troops for war and consolidate power after the war.

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44
Q

are serfs slaves

A

While not slaves, their social status meant they lacked many of the rights granted to free men.
- they were not allowed to own land, and had to pay tribute to the lord (landowner) of their fief.

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45
Q

What’s the reconquista?

A

spain’s fight to drive out the muslims that began in the 11th century

46
Q

What’re the moors?

A

muslims that conquered medieval spain

47
Q

why was power in the spanish-speaking region of medieval europe divided?

A
  1. no single ruler controlled the region,

2. peasants were split along religious lines

48
Q

which rulers led the spanish inquisiton?

A

the leaders of spain: ferdinand and isabella

49
Q

What’re the dominicans?

A

an order of preachers within the catholic church

50
Q

What legal system did the dominicans use?

A

they used the inquisitorial system, a legal system in

which the court or judge determines the facts in a case.

51
Q

What’s a papacy?

A

the office or authority of the pope

52
Q

What’s the great schism of 1054?

A

it split the Church permanently into its eastern and western entities,

53
Q

What’s the underlying theme of the medieval church?

A

the underlying theme of the medieval Church is competition with
Europe’s nobility for secular power, with Muslims for control of places
sacred to Christianity, and with itself for spiritual and doctrinal control.

54
Q

What was the purpose of the first crusade?

A

to recapture jerusalem, which the seljuk turks had conquered

55
Q

Why did the pope launch the first crusade?

A

to unite western europe and help Rome control the other rulers of Europe

56
Q

who led the crusades?

A

the catholic church

57
Q

how did the second crusade end?

A

the crusaders marched towards jerusalem, and ook back a city in portugal

58
Q

What happened during the fourth crusade?

A

rome attacked constantinople but lost

59
Q

What were the effects of the crusades?

A

effects of the crusades:

  1. spread and increased cultural knowledge
  2. increased the intolerance of the Catholic Church for Muslims and non-Christians in Europe.
60
Q

When did the plague, or black death begin?

A

The Plague, or Black Death, began in China in the early 14th century

61
Q

how did the plague spread?

A

it traveled along trade routes via the silk road and by sea

62
Q

Where did the plague travel?

A

india, middle east, asia, and europe

63
Q

What was the social effect of the plague?

A
  1. bc more people were dying, the surviving peasants demanded higher wages and gained more power.
  2. the church lost power bc it couldn’t protect people from it
64
Q

who was francesco petrarch?

A

a key figure in the renaissance who considered the roman empire to be the high point of human civilization.

65
Q

Who coined the term “dark ages”?

A

francesco petrarch

66
Q

What’re the dark ages?

A

the period after the roman empire fell

67
Q

What was the main idea in the renaissance?

A

humanism

68
Q

what’s humanism

A

it placed man himself—rather than god—at the center of study and
inquiry.

69
Q

Who were Desiderius Erasmus and Sir Thomas More?

A

two humanist philosophers that promoted ideas of equality and tolerance.

70
Q

What did sir thomas more do?

A

he wrote “utopia” which described an ideal society

71
Q

Who’s niccolo machiavelli?

A

he wrote “the prince,” a book on gaining political power

72
Q

why was the renaissance important?

A

it spread secular thought

73
Q

what does secular mean?

A

not religious

74
Q

what’re trade guilds?

A

trade guilds helped regulated prices, wages, and the quality of goods.

75
Q

What’s the hanseatic league?

A

the most powerful guild: a collection of city-states that established common trade practices, fought off pirates and foreign governments, and established . a trade monopoly

76
Q

What was the effect of guilds?

A

guilds caused the rise of the middle class of merchants, artisans, and tradesmen.

77
Q

What did the vikings do?

A
  • the vikings raided areas with their multi-oared boats.

- they were also merchants and fishermen that developed the first commercial fishiries

78
Q

Who discovered north america?

A

viking raider leif eriksson discovered north america

79
Q

Who’s prince vladimir of kiev?

A

he converted to christianity, and aligned russia with it

80
Q

Who got rid of the mongols in Russia?

A

Tsar Ivan 3 aka Ivan the Great got rid of the mongols in russia

81
Q

What did the seljuks do?

A

the seljuks adopted and spread islam throughout central asia

82
Q

what’s the delhi sultanate?

A

The Delhi Sultanate was an Islamic empire based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of india

83
Q

What’s the mughal empire?

A

muslim mongols and turks ruled parts of india

84
Q

Who’s mansa musa?

A

mansa musa is a mali ruler that

  1. built a capital at timbuktu
  2. made a pilgrimage to mecca
85
Q

What did songhai ruler sonni ali do?

A

he conquered west africa and established the songhai empire

86
Q

What did the ottoman turks do in 1453?

A

they took Constantinople and ended the byzantine empire

87
Q

what was special about the ottoman empire?

A

the rulers tolerated other religions

88
Q

who helped the ottoman empire grow? (3)

A
  1. gazis
  2. sufis
  3. janissaries
89
Q

What’re gazis and sufis?

A
  1. gazis are islamic warriors

2. sufis are mystics who converted ppl to islam

90
Q

What’re janissaries?

A

soldiers that fight for islamic rulers

91
Q

what did khabul khan of the mongols do?

A

he temporarily united the mongol tribes

92
Q

What’s the “khan” for mongols?

A

the Khan is the head ruler of all mongol tribes

93
Q

What’s another term for mongols?

A

golden horde

94
Q

what happened during the song dynasty? (4)

A
  1. unified china
  2. buddhism declined
  3. confucianism grew
  4. the iron based industry grew
95
Q

What was a technology the song dynasty developed?

A

gunpowder

96
Q

who ruled the yuan dynasty?

A

Kublai Khan and the mongols

97
Q

What did Zhu Yuanzhang and the Ming dynasty do?

A

they

  1. increased china’s agriculture
  2. increased trade
98
Q

What were the Taika reforms in Japan?

A

the taika reforms changed the way the japanese court functioned
- it introduced confucian bureaucracy and buddhism

99
Q

What’s the daimyo?

A

the daimyo are the owners of large pieces of land in feudal japan

100
Q

Who are the samurai?

A

part warrior and part nobility in feudal japan.

101
Q

What’re the bakufu?

A

japanese military governments that the shogun led

102
Q

How are the empires in the americas different?

A

they didn’t develop in river valleys

103
Q

What’re the calpulli?

A

the aztec social structure similar to clans

104
Q

What was the aztec govt like?

A

it was a system of tribute rather than direct rule

105
Q

What’re the aztecs known for religiously?

A

human sacrifice

106
Q

What were the aztecs like technology-wise?

A

they were limited technology wise

  1. no written language
  2. no domesticated livestock
107
Q

Features of the Incan empire?

A

incan empire:

  1. centered around a god-king ruler
  2. language was Quechua
108
Q

Where’s the incan empire?

A

peru

109
Q

What’s the most well known city of the incas?

A

the city of machu picchu in the andes mountains

110
Q

What was the inca’s record system like?

A

they didn’t have a writing system, but they did have quipu, which is a system of knotted strings that keeps track of numerical info

111
Q

What’s the gothic style?

A

the gothic style included

  1. pointed arches
  2. ribbed vaults
  3. flying buttresses
112
Q

What’s the war of the roses?

A

the houses of lancaster and hyork in england fought over the english throne

Sat World history (6 decks)

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