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Biology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Light Microscope

A

Light passes through the cell

  • can be used on living specimens
  • can magnify 400 times
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2
Q

Electron microscope

A

Shoots electrons through the cell
Better magnification and resolution
-kills the specimen

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3
Q

Cell theory

A

All living things are made from cells and all cells come from cells

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4
Q

Scanning Electron microscope

A

Scans the surface

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5
Q

Transmission electron microscope

A

Penetrates the cells interior

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6
Q

Surface to volume ratio of cells

A

Volume grows faster than surface area

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7
Q

Magnification

A

Enlarging an object

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8
Q

Resolution

A

Being to distinguish 2 things that are next to each other

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9
Q

Compound light microscopes

A

Bend light to provide magnification

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10
Q

Scanning Electron microscope

A

Records details about the surface area

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11
Q

Transmission electron microscope

A

Records the inside of the cell

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12
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Outer part of cell
Limits the cytoplasm
Flexible

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13
Q

Facilitated transport

A

Moving with the help of proteins

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14
Q

Prokaryotic cell

A

Don’t have membrane bound organelles

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15
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

Have nucleus and membrane bound organelles

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16
Q

Cytosol

A

Gel like liquid inside of the cytoplasm

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17
Q

Chromosomes

A

Made of chromatin

Makes DNA

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18
Q

Chromatin

A

Protein DNA complex that makes chromosomes

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19
Q

Ribosomes

A

Cellular structure makes proteins

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20
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Region between plasma membrane and nuclear envelope

  • has cytosol
  • organelles
  • chemicals
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21
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Fibers keep shape
Secures organelles
Helps cytoplasm and vesicles move
-helps unicellular organisms move independently

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22
Q

Nucleoid

A

Center of prokaryote where chromosome is located

23
Q

Nucleolus

A

Dark body in nucleus that makes ribosome subunits

24
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

Semisolid fluid that contains chromatin and nucleolus

25
Flagella
Tails that help move
26
Cilia
Little hairs that move things over the surface of a cell or move the cell over things
27
Organelles
Compartment or sac within the cell
28
Plasmodesmata
Channels between adjacent cell walls | Help transport things between cells
29
Gap junction
Channel between 2 animal cells
30
Cholesterol in the cell membrane
Is a stabilizer
31
Tay Sachs disease
Is a result of malfunction of lysosomes
32
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Stores calcium ions in muscle cells Makes carbs lipids and hormones Detoxify certain chemicals
33
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Modifies proteins and makes phospholipids
34
Golgi apparatus
Sort tag and package lipids and proteins
35
Lysosomes
Digests proteins polysaccharides lipids nucleic acids and organelles
36
Peroxisomes
Contains hydrogen peroxide Oxidizes fatty acids and amino acids Detoxifies poisons
37
Vacuoles
Membrane-bound sac for storage and transport | Vacuoles are bigger than vesicles
38
Vesicle
Membrane-bound sac that functions in cellular storage and transport. Can fuse with membranes
39
Central vacuole
Plant cell storage compartment Holds water macromolecule degradation
40
Mitochondria
Uses energy stored in chemical bonds to carry out cellular respiration and make ATP
41
Matrix
Area inside of the inner membrane of the mitochondria
42
Inner membrane of the mitochondria
Membrane of the mitochondria that has cristae
43
ATP synthesis
Happens in the inner membrane of the mitochondria
44
Outer memebrane
Outside memebrane of a cell
45
Inner membrane space
Space between the 2 cell memebranes in mitochondria
46
Cristae
Folds in the inner memebrane of the mitochondria
47
Cellular respiration
Energy is released from bonds to make ATP
48
Stroma
Fluid in chloroplasts
49
Carry out photosynthesis
Chloroplasts
50
Thylakoids
Fluidfilled memebrane sacs in chloroplasts
51
Granum
Stack of thylakoids
52
Motor Proteins
Carry cellular materials
53
Cellular metabolism
All reactions in the cell
54
Cell wall
Layer of protection that provides structure and prevents against dehydration

Biology (15 decks)

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