Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Equation for respiration

A

C6H12O6+6O2 —> 6CO2+6H2O+Energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gibbs free energy

A

Energy available for work after a chemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When ∆G<0

A

Exergonic reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Exergonic reaction

A

Exherts energy

Reactants have more energy than the products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Exergonic reactions are spontaneous

A

They happen without added energy but they don’t occur quickly because they need a certain level of activation energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Activation energyakes the reactants

A

Unstable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Heat helps reactants reach their

A

Transition state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In the transition state reactions happen

A

Quickly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

__ ___ is the main source of activation energy in a cell

A

Heat energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Heat helps __ reach their transition state

A

Reactants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Catalyst

A

Speeds up a reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Thermodynamics

A

Energy and how it transfers from different things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

First law of thermodynamics

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

First law of thermodynamics

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Second law of thermodynamics

A

Energy transfer is not completely efficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

During a reaction some heat is lost in an ____ form

A

Unusable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Adenine+ ribose+3 phosphates make

A

ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The 3 P are named as follows

A

Alpha
Beta
Gamma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sodium Potassium pump

A

Pumps 3 Na out pulls 2K in

  • antiporter
  • uses ATP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Enzymes speed up reactions by

A

Promoting bond breaking and bond forming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Enzymes are specific and catalyze a

A

Single reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

There are non protein enzymes like

A

Ribosimes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Substrates

A

Reactants in a reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Place where substrates bind

A

Active site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Active sites
Binding sites | Catalytic sites
26
Induced fit
A small change in the active site that helps enzyme efficiency
27
3D structure of protein is determined by
Aminoacid sequence of the polypeptide
28
Four ways in which an enzyme can help a substrate reach it's transition state
- align 2 substrates perfectly to fit so they can react faster - provide an optimal environment - contort the substrate to make it unstable - temporarily react chemically change the substrate so it can be more unstable
29
What things affect enzyme function
Promoters inhibitors coenzymes co-factors and the environment
30
Allosteric inhibitors
Change the shape of an enzyme by binding to a site different than the active site and make the substrate have a harder time binding
31
Co-factors
Inorganic ions that help proteins fold
32
Coenzymes
Organic molecules such as ATP and nadh+vitamins that help enzymes
33
Feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways
The final product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an upstream step
34
NaDH carries 2 electrons and a proton more than
Nad+
35
Phosphorylated molecules are
Less stable
36
90% of ATP comes from
Chemeosmosis
37
Chemeosmosis happens in
Mitochondria Chloroplasts Plasma memebrane of aerobic prokaryotes
38
Aerobic
Needs oxygen
39
Anaerobic
Doesn't need oxygen
40
How does chemeosmosis work
A high concentration of protons in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria And a low concentration of protons in the matrix cause an electrochemical gradient to form that powers ATP synthase and produces ATP
41
Who discovered the chemeosmotic theory?
Peter Mitchell and Jennifer moyle
42
Equation for cellular respiration
C6H12O6+6O2---> 6CO2+6H2O+36ATP
43
Metabolic processes involved in cellular respiration
- Glycolysis - Oxidation of pyruvate and the citric acid cycle - Oxidative Phosphorylation
44
Oxidation of pyruvate is often called
The conversion step
45
Glycolysis is anaerobic / aerobic
Anaerobic
46
Glycolysis happens in
Cytosol
47
Citric acid cycle is anaerobic/aerobic
Aerobic
48
The citric acid cycle happens in
Matrix of mitochondria
49
Where does Oxidative Phosphorylation happen
Inner membrane of mitochondria
50
Glycolysis generates a net gain of
2ATP
51
Inputs of glycolysis
1 C6H12O6 2 NAD+ 2ATP 4ADP
52
Output of glycolysis
2 pyruvate 2NADH 4ATP 2ADP
53
Each pyruvate has __ carbons
3
54
Red blood cells only do
Glycolysis
55
How many atp are produced by anaerobic cells
2
56
Inputs to the oxidation of pyruvate are
2 pyruvate 2NAD+ 2CoA
57
Outputs to the oxidation of pyruvate are
2CO2 2AaDH 2Acetyl CoA
58
Outputs for the oxidation of pyruvate
Two carbon dioxide 2 NADH 2 AcetylCoA
59
Citric acid cycle inputs
2Acetyl CoA 2ADP 6NAD+ 2FAD
60
Citric acid cycle outputs
4CO2 2ATP 6NADH 2FADH2
61
When is glucose completely oxidized
After the citric acid cycle
62
What does it mean for something to be completely oxidized
All possible electrons have been removed
63
After the citric acid cycle we have
4ATP 6Co2 10NADH 2FADH2
64
After the citric acid cycle most energy is stored in
The electron carrier molecules
65
An oxidative phosphorylation oxygen is
Primary electron acceptor
66
An oxidative phosphorylation oxygen is
Primary electron acceptor
67
The electron transport chain is
A series of transporters embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane
68
Where is the electron transport chain
It is in the inner mitochondrial membrane
69
What does the electron transport chain do
The electron transport chain moves electrons from the carrier molecules to oxygen
70
Why does the electron transport chain move electrons from the carrier molecules to oxygen
Because oxygen is the primary electron acceptor of oxidative phosphorylation
71
True or false free electrons are bad for living systems
True free electrons are bad for living systems
72
How does the electron transport chain create an electrochemical gradient
The movement of electrons through the electron transport chain moves protons into the intermembrane space. This happens because that's the electrons move some energy is released
73
The electrin transport chain pushed protons into the
Intermembrane space
74
During the electron Transport chain O2 is reduced to form
H20
75
Each electron Transporter/ carriers is more ___than the previous
Electronegative
76
Electrochemical gradients have
Potential energy
77
Atp translocate moves
ATP out of the matrix and ADP inside

Biology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions