chapter 4 - acids and redox Flashcards
acid
proton donors, a chemical that releases hydrogen ions (H+)
formula for hydrochloric acid
HCl
formula for nitric acid
HNO3
formula for ethanoic acid
CH3COOH
formula for sulfuric acid
H2SO4
formula for phosphoric acid
H3PO4
diprotic acid
an acid that can donate two protons per molecule when dissolved in water ie H2SO4
triprotic acid
an acid that can donate three protons per molecule when dissolved in water ie H3PO4
strong acids
acids that can completely dissociate in water to release H+
weak acids
acids that partially dissociate to release some H+
bases
chemicals that will react with protons released by acids (are proton acceptors)
alkalis
soluble bases that release hydroxide ions (OH-) when they dissolve in water
acid + base →
salt + water
acid + alkali →
salt + water
acid + carbonate →
salt + carbon dioxide + water
acid + metal →
salt + hydrogen
ionic equation for acid + base
2H+(aq) + MgO(s) → Mg2+(aq) + H2O(l) (Mg is interchangable)
ionic equation for acid + alkali
H+(aq) + OH-(aq) → H2O(aq)
ionic equation for acid + carbonate
2H+(aq) + CO32-(aq) → H2O(l) + CO2(g)
ionic equation for acid + metal
2H+(aq) + Mg(s) → H2(g) + Mg2+(aq)
priorities in oxidation numbers
groups 1, 2 and 3; fluorine; hydrogen; oxygen and chlorine
redox reaction
involves the transfer of electrons, resulting in both oxidation and reduction of atoms
affect of oxidation on oxidation state
increase
affect of reduction on oxidation state
decrease
