chapter 14 - alcohols

Question 1

alcohols

Answer 1

a homologous series of organic compounds that contain a hydroxyl group (-OH)

Question 2

alcohol classification

Answer 2

primary (1o) - no/one alkyl groups secondary (2o) - two alkyl groups tertiary (3o) - three alkyl groups

Question 3

alcohol properties

Answer 3

• liquid at room temperature - miscible with water - can dissolve in water due to hydrogen bonds forming between OH groups of alcohol and water - solubility decreases as chain length increases

Question 4

alcohol reactivity

Answer 4

the prescence of polar O-H and C-O bonds makes alcohols more reactive than the equivalent alkane

Question 5

products of oxidation of 2o alcohols

Answer 5

ketones

Question 6

partial oxidation of 1o alcohols

Answer 6

occurs by distilling the reaction mixture with an oxidising agent (H+/Cr2O72-) to produce an aldehyde and water CH3OH + [O] → HCHO + H2O

Question 7

complete oxidation of 1o alcohols

Answer 7

occurs by refluxing the reaction mixture with an oxidising agent (H+/Cr2O72-) to produce a carboxylic acid and water CH3OH + 2[O] → HCOOH +H2O

Question 8

product of substituation reaction of alcohols with halide ions

Answer 8

haloalkanes

Question 9

products of elimination reaction of an alcohol

Answer 9

alkene and water

Question 10

product of reaction of alcohols with carboxylic acids

Answer 10

ester and water

Question 11

conditions of elimination reaction of alcohol

Answer 11

acid catalyst

Question 12

conditions of a substition reaction of alcohols

Answer 12

heated under reflux with sulfuric acid catalyst