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The Art Of Reading Buildings > Chapter 4 NFPA Types > Flashcards

Chapter 4 NFPA Types Flashcards

1
Q

3 step process to size up

A

Pre incident study
Pre fire familiarization
On scene and pre and post incident review

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2
Q

Initially, the author states to use these 4 ways to classify a structure

A

NFPA 220
Era
Occupancy
Size

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3
Q

Combustible

A

Will burn

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4
Q

Limited combustible

A

Have one half the heat potential of wood, no over 3500 but/lb

Douglas fir is 8400 but

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5
Q

Noncombustible

A

Will not ignite, burn, support combustion, or release flammable vapors when heated

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6
Q

FRR, Fire resistance rating

A

Length of time to burn through a given material

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7
Q

Flame spread rating

A

The length of time it takes to burn across the surface of a given material

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8
Q

Protected

A

Having an FRR of at least one 1 hour

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9
Q

Unprotected

A

A material that when exposed will cause degradation and effect structural integrity

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10
Q

Which type of buildings are not easily identified from the street?

A

Type I and Type II

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11
Q

4 ways to enclose steel in Type I

A

Concrete
Spray on
Gypsum
Special paint

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12
Q

The intumescent coating is

A

.5 in thick, will expand 15 to 30 times in a fire

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13
Q

Curtain wall construction can be of:

A

Glass, tile aluminum, slate, concrete,

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14
Q

How big is the gap on a curtain wall construction

A

3-4”

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15
Q

3 primary floor plans of Type I

A

Center core

Center Hallway

Combination of

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16
Q

First Interstate Fire

A

1988, 3 1/2 hours to control
Burned 45 min per floor
Lapping, curtain wall, have, poke throughs, and radiated heat all contributed to the problems

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17
Q

Primary hazard for Type 1

A

Contents

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18
Q

What’s the main difference between Type I & II

A

The FRR ratings are much lower due to steel being unprotected

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19
Q

Primary hazard of Type II buildings

A

Contents and roof material

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20
Q

3 types of walls in Type II bldg

A

Unreinforced masonry
Reinforced masonry
Tilt up/pre cast

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21
Q

What type of Wall is most susceptible to collapse

A

URM- not used anymore-can collapse outward, twice it’s height

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22
Q

Hydra matic fire

A

Metal deck built up roof

Burned entire 1.5 million squ ft area

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23
Q

MGM

A

Extension of smoke through HVAC

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24
Q

Vacant warehouse in NV

A

Tilt wall gave out in 15 minutes

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25
How high can a parapet wall extend
1'-8'
26
Pipe chase
Think stacked kitchens at apartments or kitchens below bathrooms
27
Scuppers can
Help show the actual roof behind a parapet wall.
28
Danger of UMC in Type III construction
Lack of Portland cement and rebar make the wall weak and unstable. Capped by capping stones that have lost their adhesion
29
Cornices on new Type III
In new Type III construction,nothing more then foam. Cannot support weight Contributed to Monte Carlo hotel fire
30
Cornices on older Type III
Stronger than newer ones, but age has worn down the wood and metal. Still not safe
31
Type III facades
Can conceal hidden fire
32
Cugees fire
Blame it on layers of roofing being supported by wooden beams that were in lets that gave way
33
Type IV dean
Shall be that ext walls, and interior load bearing are approved non combustible and limited combustible. Other interior features can be of solid or laminated wood without concealed spaces
34
Book defn of Type IV
Think masonry wall construction around heavy timber lumberyard
35
Type IV:
Factories, churches,warehouses, lodges | Large wooden members that are no longer cost effective
36
Requirements for heavy Timber
``` 8" when supporting floors not less than "6 wide and 8" deep for supporting ceiling T & G of 3" thickness, 1" covering Roof- 2" TG Walls will have a FRR of no less than 2 ```
37
Are Mills and Heavy Timber the same?
No, Mills were built before many of the Requirements were made, but they are similar
38
Type IV considerations
``` Renovations creates voids Lack of sprinklers Petroleum products on flooring Fire cut floor beams and roof joists Large fire load Position away for collapse ```
39
4 types of Type V construction
Stacked log Post and beam Balloon Western platform
40
Chinking is
Paste like filler used in log construction. Went away when builders started planing the logs
41
How can you spot a LW log construction
Look for log rafter tails only at the corners or at the gable ends with the eaves and soffits finished out like a typical wood frame
42
Main fire concern for log cabin
Interior geometry and contents NOT the fact that it is wood
43
Girts and ribbon boards are also known as
Horizontal beams
44
Post and Beam
Pole barn construction Uses mortises and tenons Large open spaces
45
The mortise is the _______and the tenon is the_________
Cavity, projection
46
Fire spread concern for Post and Beam/Pole Barn?
Non finished open spaces creates a firestorm
47
Weak link in Post and Beam construction
Mortise and Tenon
48
Balloon Frame
No fire blocking Continuous studs Ribbon board on the exterior?
49
Bungalow construction
2 x4 rafters up to 3' apart
50
Visual cues of a Balloon frame construction
Old wood frame up to 3 stories Old wood ship lap or asbestos siding Visible 2x4 rafter tails Windows line up
51
What is almost mandatory at a Balloon frame fire?
Vertical ventilation, when fire is in the voids
52
Balloon construction will give some warning before collapse with sagging however, watch out for
Roof collapse due to increased rafter spacing
53
How is Western Platform different from Balloon
Each floor is separate from the rest Uses 2x4 or 2x 6 studs Double plate at the ceiling
54
What are the two fire stopping elements of Western platform?
The double plate at the top | Fire blocking in the wall
55
What are the 3 types of Platform construction
Conventional 1800's- 1940 Legacy 1950's- present Engineered
56
Conventional - Rough finish does what
Chars over and slows the burn rate down
57
Conventional platform features
``` Through connections Solid wood-no trusses Lathe and plaster T and G flooring Various roof coverings, osb, 1x6 boards, tar, slate ```
58
What are the fire concerns and collapse concerns of Conventional Platform?
The roof will char and slow down the burn, the contents are the main concern Resistive to collapse due to compartmentalization, but attachments like decks are a killer
59
Legacy platform can have trusses as long as:
Solid wood Nails all the way through No EWP
60
Though Legacy Platform does not use EWP, how does it differ?
``` No longer using full dimensional lumber Smooth lumber Galvanized hangers Plywood instead of T and G Cross bracing gave way to plywood sheathing ```
61
How is fire concern for Legacy different from Conventional platform?
More opens spaces by design, split levels Soffits on the underside of eaves and staircases Split levels allow vertical travel of fire
62
Discuss Collapse concern for a legacy platform compared to a conventional
Higher surface to Mass ratio Hangers fail sooner Craftsman style trusses with solid wood
63
Engineered Wood Platform-lightweight issues
Reduced dimensional lumber Glue for connection points Geometry in place of mass
64
How long will Conventional/Legacy floors last in a fire? | Light weight construction?
15-20 minutes 5-7 minutes
65
"Truss space is like horizontal Balloon frame" describes
Lightweight engineered wood platform construction
66
House fire in Warwick, NJ
Lightweight construction and OSB sheathing
67
What does tan or brown smoke mean at LW construction?
Degradation of mass has already begun
68
What has had the greatest negative impact on structural integrity?
LW trusses

The Art Of Reading Buildings (9 decks)

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