Chapter 4: Physiological Changes

Question 1

Heart size is related to ______________ (two words) - related to ____________.

Answer 1

body size, endurance

Question 2

The younger the baby the ____________ the heart rate.

Answer 2

faster

Question 3

Babies with fetal alcohol syndrom have a much faster heart rate than those who don’t. T/F

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Describe the heart growth

Answer 4

It begins as a tube
It pulses at 3 weeks with NO blood, instead they receive oxygen through umbilical cord
After 5 weeks all functional mechanism as in adult EKG evident
12 weeks they have a circulating syste,
4-5 months fetal heartbeat are strong

Question 5

Lungs are fully developed at ____________.

Answer 5

38 weeks.

Question 6

Aerobic power ____________ with growth through childhood.

Answer 6

increases

Question 7

Fetal blood vessels grow in proportion to parts
of body supplied

Question 8

Total blood volume and size of heart are almost
equal until puberty, then increase in males

Question 9

Heart size is related to body size—related to
endurance

Question 10

Describe the respiratory growth.

Answer 10

Begins as lung buds (3–4 fetal weeks)

Bronchial tree formed (16th fetal week)

Alveolar-capillary interface (6 fetal months)

Question 11

What is the VO2 max used for?

Answer 11

to measure aerobic power

it is objective, since it is a lab technique

Question 12

Ways to measure aerobic power.

Answer 12

VO2 test
12 minute test
1-mile test

Question 13

Lungs double by __________ and triples by __________.

Answer 13

6 months; 1 year

Question 14

Alveoli—increase from about 20 million at birth
to 300 million by 8 years. T/F

Answer 14

T

Question 15

By maturity increased approximately 20-fold

Question 16

Alveoli increase until ____________ (two words) ceases growing.

Answer 16

chest wall

Question 17

Describe the pubertal effect on aerobic power.

Answer 17

it increase in males to 18 years,
females minimally beyond 14 years

Question 18

At what age range is aerobic power at its peak?

Answer 18

18–25 years, related primarily to lean
mass/heredity

Question 19

As we get older our heart rate ____________.

Answer 19

decreases

Question 20

What mechanisms help us with dissipating heat?

Answer 20

1) convection: redness on face, increase blood flow to skin
2) evaporation: increased sweat (excess causes dehydration)

Question 21

After what age does aerobic power capacity declines steadily?

Answer 21

age 25

Question 22

Males sweat more than females because…

Answer 22

they are bigger

Question 23

Children have a decreased sweat rate so they rely on ___________.

Answer 23

convection

Question 24

Maximal oxygen uptake strongly related to
____________________. (three words)

Answer 24

lean body mass

Question 25

After puberty, _____________________ (three words) tends to level off in females.

Answer 25

lean body mass

Question 26

______________ are more at risk of overheating, since they mainly rely on _____________.

Answer 26

Children; convection

Question 27

Do men or females tend to gain lean body mass?

Answer 27

Men

Question 28

Young children have a high capacity in anaerobic power. T/F

Answer 28

False low capacity

Question 29

Maximum rate of metabolic processing without ____.

Answer 29

O2

Question 30

To prevent overheating:

Answer 30

hydration rest breaks (water/shade)

Question 31

At birth blood is ___________ and shortly after birth through adulthood blood is _________.

Answer 31

85 ml per kg 75-77 ml per kg

Question 32

Anaerobic power increases up to _________________. (two words)

Answer 32

early adulthood

Question 33

Anaerobic power at an advanced age is lost 40% loss due to...

Answer 33

Loss of muscle

Question 34

Males have a higher metabolic rate than females.

Answer 34

higher basal metabolic rate

Question 35

Why is it difficult for females to lose body fat?

Answer 35

needed to give birth lower metabolic rate

Question 36

____________ is commonly used measure of cardiovascular response

Answer 36

Heart rate

Question 37

Resting heart rate levels ____________ with age

Answer 37

decrease

Question 38

Children tolerate exercise in heat less efficiently than adults. T/F

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Children create more heat relative to their ______________ (two words) during exercise than older persons

Answer 39

body mass

Question 40

Muscular endurance is measured by:

Answer 40

sit-ups, pull-ups, push-ups

Question 41

Muscular endurance

Answer 41

Ability to sustain muscular work repeated contractions

Question 42

The primary component of muscular endurance is ________________. (two words)

Answer 42

muscular strength

Question 43

Define Basal Metabolic Rate.

Answer 43

is the amount of heat produced during rest decreases with age

Question 44

Blood characteristics (19)

Answer 44

Red blood cells: produced by 2nd fetal week After 5th fetal Month, production in bone marrow Lifespan - 90 days adult 120 days after birth No of RBC & hemoglobin related to growth in body mass and volume

Question 45

Flexibility is ____________. (two words)

Answer 45

joint specific

Question 46

Flexibility increases with age till ________________. (two words)

Answer 46

early adolescence

Question 47

What is the better indicator of one's flexibility?

Answer 47

their activity level not their age

Question 48

Females are more flexible than males from ages 5 to adulthood. Why?

Answer 48

Because of the activities they are put in females are in gymnastics, etc.

Question 49

Isometric strength is ____________ strength.

Answer 49

static

Question 50

Isotonic is ___________ strength.

Answer 50

dynamic

Question 51

Isokinetic is _________________. (two words)

Answer 51

constant velocity

Question 52

Muscle strenght _____________ with age and is related to _______________. (two words)

Answer 52

increases; body size

Question 53

What age range is the peak of muscle strength?

Answer 53

25-29 years

Question 54

What is the percentage of regression of muscle strength?

Answer 54

25-30%

Question 55

Compare and contrast of physiological differeces between children and adults (25) (will be on test)

Question 56

Males: lean body, androgens (22) (ask Julisa for her notes on this)

Question 57

The peak of physiological function is around age _____.

Answer 57

30

Question 58

Cardiorespiratory function _________ .75 1.0% a year, totaling about 30% between _________________.

Answer 58

declines; 30 and 70 years

Question 59

What kind of people maintain a higher level of function and regress less?

Answer 59

Active people regression is inevitable though

Question 60

Males have 5–10% __________ BMR values at all ages

Answer 60

higher

Question 61

BMR ___________ continuously from birth to old age

Answer 61

declines

Question 62

An increase in reaction time means that one is ____________.

Answer 62

Slower