Chapter 4: Programming

Question 1

What is programming?

Answer 1

The process during which information about a problem is collected, analyzed and clearly stated to provide a basis for design

Question 2

What should a program contain?

Answer 2

🤔 analysis of the existing building
🛋️ Aesthetic considerations
🚀 Space needs
↔️ Adjacency requirements
📦 Organizing concepts
👨‍🦼‍➡️Code review
💵 Budget requirements
🗓️ Scheduling requirements

Question 3

Problem seeking uses what 4 major considerations?

Answer 3

Form, function, economy, time

Question 4

Who are considered stakeholders in a project?

Answer 4

Architect, owner, developer, leasing agent, the public, and users of the project

Question 5

A _____  is a performance requirement related to methods of solving a problem or satisfying a need

Answer 5

Programmatic concept

Question 6

What is a design concept?

Answer 6

Specific physical response that attempts to achieve a programmatic concept

Question 7

What happens after a programmatic concept is approved by the client?

Answer 7

Wants are separated from needs, one of the four elements of cost (quality, quantity, budget and time) may have to be adjusted to balance needs against available resources

Question 8

____ are the bridge between programming and the design process

Answer 8

The problem statements

Question 9

____ relates to the existing conditions in a space, the physical and psychological environment of the interior, and the quality of construction

Answer 9

Form

Question 10

___ relates to the people using a space, the activities to be performed there, and the relationship of the space is to each each other

Answer 10

Function

Question 11

What economic concerns should be considered during programming?

Answer 11

Initial cost of the interior, operating costs, life cycle costs

Question 12

___ describes the idea of past, present, and future, as they affect form, function, and economy considerations

Answer 12

Time

Question 13

___ establishes the order of importance of things such as size, position, or social values

Answer 13

Priority

Question 14

___ relates to the idea of the exercise of authority and is expressed in physical symbols of authority

Answer 14

Hierarchy

Question 15

___ is a response to the desired image the client wants to project

Answer 15

 Character

Question 16

__ - low, medium, or high - may relate to how a space or a group of spaces are used to respond to goals, such as efficient use of space or the desired amount of interaction in an office

Answer 16

Density

Question 17

____ include mechanical services, such as mechanical systems, as well as other functions that support the use of the space. Distribution of supplies, storage space, information, and vending areas are examples of these types of functions.

Answer 17

Service groupings

Question 18

___ states whether activity should be integrated or separated and compartmentalized. For example, compartmentalizing dining areas would respond to a goal of creating an intimate dining atmosphere in a restaurant.

Answer 18

Activity grouping

Question 19

___ states the degree of massing of people in a space and is derived from the physical, social, and emotional characteristics of the group

Answer 19

People grouping

Question 20

___ is it related to the concept of territoriality and is a place where a person can maintain his or her individuality

Answer 20

Homebase

Question 21

___ include the affinities of people and activities. This is one of the most common programming concepts established in any design problem because it mostly directly affects the organization of spaces and rooms.

Answer 21

Relationships

Question 22

___ as a concept is a response to the goal of promoting the effective exchange of information or ideas. This concept states who communicates with whom and how they do it.

Answer 22

Communication

Question 23

___ is a concept that refers to how a project will relate to its neighboring spaces

Answer 23

Neighbors

Question 24

___ relates to the idea of entry to a building or space into making the facility accessible to people with disabilities

Answer 24

Accessibility

Question 25

___ relates to segregating the flow of people, service access, and other activities of a building or space

Answer 25

Separated flow

Question 26

___ as a concept is a response to the goal of promoting interaction among people

Answer 26

Mixed flow

Question 27

___ is often required for both people and objects where a specific series of events or processes is required. For example, a show at an art museum may need to direct people from a starting point to an end point.

Answer 27

Sequential flow

Question 28

___ refers to providing a point of reference with a space or a building to help keep people from feeling lost within a larger context

Answer 28

Orientation

Question 29

Flexibility includes what three components?

Answer 29

Expandability, comfortability, versatility

Question 30

___ refers to how a space can accommodate growth with expansion

Answer 30

Expandability

Question 31

____ refers to how a space can allow for changes and function through the conversion of spaces

Answer 31

Convertibility

Question 32

___ provides for several different activities with multifunctional spaces

Answer 32

Versatility

Question 33

___ allows for extra space for a dynamic activity instead of fitting the space precisely to a static activity

Answer 33

Tolerance

Question 34

___ focuses attention on life safety, and the conceptual ways to achieve it. Building codes and other safety precautions are closely tied to this concept.

Answer 34

Safety

Question 35

___ refers to ways that both people and property can be protected based on the value of potential loss- minimum, medium, or maximum

Answer 35

Security controls

Question 36

___ explore some kinds of controls necessary to meet human comfort needs, including air temperature, light, sound, and humidity

Answer 36

Environmental controls

Question 37

___ determines if the project must be completed in stages to meet time and cost schedules.

Answer 37

Phasing

Question 38

___ explores ways to establish a realistic preview of cost and balanced budget to meet the clients available funds

Answer 38

Cost control

Question 39

Every program should include at least what?

Answer 39

A statement of goals and objectives List of client requirements List of spaces and their square footages

Question 40

What are some examples of dimensions that are set by the interior designer, and that must relate to the physical sizes, needs, and limitations of people?

Answer 40

Room widths, height of shelving, and clearances around furniture

Question 41

The field of ___ involves the correctness or fit between objects and spaces, and the needs of people using those objects and spaces

Answer 41

Human factors

Question 42

What is anthropometrics?

Answer 42

The measurement of the size, proportions, and range of motion of the human body

Question 43

____ measures the human body at rest, ___  measures a body while performing activities

Answer 43

Static anthropometrics Dynamic anthropometrics

Question 44

What is ergonomics?

Answer 44

The study of relationship between human physiology and the physical environment

Question 45

According to anthropometrics, what are the preferred seating dimensions for a general purpose chair? I.e. seat height & depth, height to top of back rest above floor, seating angle

Answer 45

Seat depth - 15” Seat height - 16-17” Floor to top backrest - 31-33” Angle - 95-105 degrees

Question 46

According to anthropometrics, what are the preferred dimensions of a office workstation? I.e. keyboard surface width & work surface width and depth

Answer 46

Keyboard surface width - 30-48” Work surface width - 60-72” Work surface depth - 30-36”

Question 47

According to anthropometrics, what are the preferred lateral filing access clearances? I.e. depth, depth with drawer open, open drawer access depth, distance between filing cabinets when open

Answer 47

Depth of filing cabinet - 18-22” Depth of filing cabinet while open- 38-42” Open drawer access depth - 20” Distance between filing cabinets when open - 40-54”

Question 48

What is one of the most important aspects of designing a computer station?

Answer 48

Keyboard height

Question 49

The keyboard surface should be from ____-___”  high and be adjustable

Answer 49

26 to 28 1/2”

Question 50

What should stand-up workstations have?

Answer 50

Foot rests

Question 51

What is one of the most important factors to include in the design of a workstation and selection of chairs?

Answer 51

Adjustability

Question 52

On an office chair, what things should be adjustable?

Answer 52

Seat height angle of the back height of the lumbar support distance from the front of the chair to the back support armrests

Question 53

According to anthropometrics, what is the preferable width of a basic conference table?

Answer 53

42”

Question 54

How far apart should people be seated next to each other and at the corner of a table?

Answer 54

Next to each other - 30” center to center of the chair Corner - 18-24” from corner of the table to the back of the chair

Question 55

According to anthropometrics, what is a basic size of a round conference table?

Answer 55

5 feet wide

Question 56

How far apart should people be seated at a round table? 

Answer 56

18 to 24 inches

Question 57

How far should the back of a chair be to the wall when seated at a dining or conference table?

Answer 57

30 inches

Question 58

Human comfort is based on the quality of what environmental factors?

Answer 58

Room temp & temp of surfaces humidity Air movement & quality sound vibration light

Question 59

At a dining table, how much room should an individual person have at a place setting zone?

Answer 59

30 inches

Question 60

What is a typical width and depth of a dining chair?

Answer 60

18-24” d x 24” w

Question 61

How much room should you have for shared access in the center of a dining table?

Answer 61

18”

Question 62

What is a typical width and depth of a six person dining table?

Answer 62

96” w x 48-54” d

Question 63

What is the size of a standard round four person dining table?

Answer 63

36-48”

Question 64

___ is the amount of heat energy required to raise 1 pound of water by 1°F

Answer 64

A British thermal unit, btu

Question 65

In SI units, a British thermal unit is measured___. Acting over a period of one hour, the SI unit corresponding to BTU/hr is __.

Answer 65

Joules Watts

Question 66

The sensation of thermal comfort depends on the inter relationship of what?

Answer 66

Air temperature, humidity, air movement and radiation

Question 67

What is the primary determinant of comfort?

Answer 67

Air temperature

Question 68

What is the preferred clearance for opening a kitchen oven?

Answer 68

40”

Question 69

What is the minimum clearance between kitchen appliances?

Answer 69

48”

Question 70

What is the typical range hood depth in the kitchen?

Answer 70

17 1/2”

Question 71

What is the typical height of a wall oven off the floor?

Answer 71

35”

Question 72

What is the required depth for a work zone when a wall oven is open?

Answer 72

30”

Question 73

____ is a weighted average of a various surface temperatures in a room, the angle of exposure of the occupant to the surfaces, and any sunlight present – is the value used to determine radiation as an aspect of comfort

Answer 73

The mean radiant temperature (MRT)

Question 74

What are ways in which you can warm surfaces?

Answer 74

Covering them with wall, hangings, or drapes or providing radiant heating panels

Question 75

When gathering information from a client, what is the required checklist of information?

Answer 75

Goals and objectives User & activity requirements Furniture and equipment Adjacencies Space & activity requirements Time and money

Question 76

What is a small group interview?

Answer 76

An interview that may include all the people in one department with or without the Group supervisor

Question 77

What is a large group interview?

Answer 77

An interview that may include up to 20 people who may come from several different departments or disciplines in the clients organization

Question 78

___ are written forms that people fill in with requested information

Answer 78

Questionnaires

Question 79

One of the most reliable ways to gather information is by ____ what people do rather than by listening to what they say. This is also useful in situations where questions or interviews are not possible.

Answer 79

Observing

Question 80

___ is the process of looking at a previously completed design, construction methods, or material choices to guide, or suggest the solution to a current problem

Answer 80

Precedent study

Question 81

___ is a detailed analysis of an existing facility or interior that is similar to a proposed project

Answer 81

Case study

Question 82

How does a precedent study differentiate from a case study?

Answer 82

A precedent study examines the entire facility or interior and interrelatedness of the various parts, instead of individual pieces

Question 83

____  is a research process that compares project data across data sets from other similar projects, either within the same design firm or across multiple different firms

Answer 83

Benchmarking

Question 84

Benchmarking is a way to develop base lines for specific types of information; it is a point of reference against which 5 other things that can be measured?

Answer 84

🕷️Things 👨🏽👩🏼 People 💰costs ⌚️time 🚴🏻‍♀️activities

Question 85

What is a parti diagram?

Answer 85

A simple conceptual diagram that shows the main organizing idea or spatial concept of a design.

Question 86

What are the six common phases of an interior design project?

Answer 86

1️⃣ Programming – determine client needs and project requirements 2️⃣ Schematic Design (SD) – develop initial concepts and layouts 3️⃣ Design Development (DD) – refine design, materials, and systems 4️⃣ Construction Documents (CD) – prepare detailed drawings and specifications 5️⃣ Bidding / Negotiation – contractor pricing and selection 6️⃣ Contract Administration (CA) – oversee construction and ensure work follows the contract documents

Question 87

What is the difference between net area, circulation area, and usable area?

Answer 87

Net area = space used for specific functions Circulation = movement Usable = net area + circulation

Question 88

What technique would be a more accurate measuring procedure for documenting large spaces?

Answer 88

Electronic Distance Measurement

Question 89

In the programming phase of a project, an interior designer is busy collecting information during a site visit. What is a possible reason to verify results using another method?

Answer 89

observation is best used to verify information gathered in interviews or questionnaires

Question 90

“Sitting is the new smoking” is a statement that is meant to address the benefits of physical activity and part of what type of design philosophy?

Answer 90

Active Design strategies

Question 91

What are some examples of biobased products (made with plant/animal material) that break down easier when disposed of?

Answer 91

adhesives, composite panels, gypsum wallboard substrates, ceiling tiles, and carpet backing

Question 92

Bio-based products must meet the Sustainable Agriculture Network’s Sustainable Agriculture Standard. As defined by the exporting and receiving countries, bio-based raw materials must be tested using ____ and be legally harvested. Exclude hide products, such as leather and other animal skin materials.

Answer 92

ASTM D6866

Question 93

Bubble diagrams are most often part of which design phase?

Answer 93

schematic

Question 94

The building owners require the ___ so they can apply the appropriate load factor to obtain rentable area for that particular tenant, and therefore know what to charge them in rent.

Answer 94

occupant area

Question 95

Who establishes the construction allowance during tenant lease negations and what unit of measurement is used to calculate it?

Answer 95

The building owner, Rentable Square Feet (RSF)

Question 96

What information should be included in a written program?

Answer 96

📄 Title page 📝 Introduction 📊 Executive summary 🎯 Goals & objectives 🏢 Space needs 🔄 Adjacencies 📚 Code requirements 🏗 Existing space analysis 💰 Budget & schedule 💡 Programming concepts 📎 Appendices

Question 97

How is occupant area measured from a tenant suite that shares walls with adjacent suites and a public corridor?

Answer 97

From the inside face of a glass, to the center line of the adjacent demising partitions, to the inside tenant face of the partition, bordering the public corridor

Question 98

The circulation of a building is included in what square foot calculation total?

Answer 98

Occupant area

Question 99

Physiological human factors include what?

Answer 99

Color reaction Temperature tolerance Sound frequency

Question 100

The initial determination of an area required for the client’s program gives the __area

Answer 100

Net area

Question 101

Much like background music, what sensory aspect of lighting evoke’s human emotions?

Answer 101

Brightness contrast 

Question 102

According to IBC chapter 2 1030.9 aisles in assembly spaces, what is the minimum aisle dimension and what is the minimum aisle access way dimension?

Answer 102

Aisle dimension - 42” Aisle accessway dimension - 12”