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International Marketing > Chapter 4 Smartbook > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Smartbook Flashcards

1
Q

In the context of International Marketing, culuture

A

Affects the way consumers prioritize the things they desire and the things they need.

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2
Q

Countries have been transitioning from agricultural to industrial to service economies. The result has been ____.

A

A drop in birthrate

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3
Q

_____ is the sum of the values, rituals, symbols, beliefs, and thought processes that are learned and shared by a group of people, then transmitted from generation to generation.

A

Culture

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4
Q

Which of the following statements about Jared Diamond’s research regarding the influence of geography on international marketing is true?

A

He claimed that new ideas moved quickly from east to west than from north to south.

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5
Q

Which of the following statements about the origins of culture is true?

A

Historical events can affect technology, social institutions, culture, and behavior.

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6
Q

Which of the following statements regarding culture in international marketing is true?

A

The marketer’s interaction with the local culture determines whether the marketing will fail or succeed.

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7
Q

Which of the following types of governance crumbled in the 1990s?

A

Communisim

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8
Q

In what way is culture changing in most countries?

A

Smaller families are now favored

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9
Q

Which of the following best explains the effect of birth control techniques on men’s lives in the past 50 years?

A

They gave men more time to spend with their children

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10
Q

Which statement is true of culture?

A

It exists in the mind of each person

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11
Q

Which of the following is the geographical argument used by Jared Diamond to theorize why Euro-Asian cultures have sometimes dominated African and American cultures?

A

It was easier for ideas and information to travel over the Silk Road instead of crossing the Sahara or the Isthmus of Panama.

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12
Q

Interpersonal relationships are strongly affected by Blank______ such as family, religion, schools, the media, government, and corporations.

A

Social institutions

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13
Q

The emergence of cola brands such as Mecca Cola and Arab Cola in the Middle East in the 2000s is a reflection of which of the following?

A

Historic events affecting culture

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14
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the change in family as a social institution is true?

A

Women are delaying marriage, especially in Asia.

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15
Q

Which of the following types of governance competed for world dominance for most of the 20th century? (Check all that apply.)

  1. Democracy
  2. Communism
  3. Colonialism
  4. Monarchy
  5. Fascism
A

1, 2, 3, and 5

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16
Q

Before the birth control pill became widely available, men and women spent more time dealing with

A

Larger number of children.

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17
Q

Which of the following statements about social institutions and their effect on a country’s culture is true?

A

Religion has an enormous effect on a society’s values.

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18
Q

Which of the following statements regarding international marketing is true?

A

It is easier to communicate with consumers who can read and write than with people who can understand only symbols.

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19
Q

In which of the following ways do social institutions affect cultural values?

  1. They teach each new generation how to act in an acceptable way.
  2. They influence people to live in peace together.
  3. They place emphasis on setting of roles and status positions in society.
  4. They focus on individual family members rather than close-knit family units.
A

1 and 2

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20
Q

Which of the following have the greatest effect on values and culture?

  1. schools
  2. families
  3. the media
  4. the government
A

1, 2 and 3

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21
Q

In which of the following ways have the availability of birth control affected families throughout the world?

  1. More women are waiting longer to get married.
  2. The percentage of women aged 35-39 years who have never married has decreased.
  3. Many women are waiting longer to have children.
  4. Families have fewer children.
A

1, 3 and 4

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22
Q

Which of the following is not true about children’s changing media habits?

A

Children do not watch TikTok

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23
Q

Match each dimension (in the left column) with its corresponding feature (in the right column).

A

The individual/Collective Index = It focuses on self-orientation.

The Power Distance Index = It focuses on authority orientation.

The Uncertainty Avoidance Index = It focuses on risk orientation.

The Masculinity/Femininity Index = It focuses on assertiveness and achievement.

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24
Q

In most cultures, and infant’s first experience with a social institution other than the home is most likely to be

A

Religious

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25
Q

Cultures that score high on the Individual/Collective Index tend to

A

Embrace an “I” mentality

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26
Q

Which of the following statements about education as a social institution is true?

A

Nationwide literacy tends to help a country grow its economy rapidly.

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27
Q

Unlike a collectivist society, an individualistic society is one in which people

A

are connected to others, but only in a loose way.

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28
Q

What change has happened to American culture and social institutions?

A

People are spending time with media such as television and the Internet instead of socializing with their families.

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29
Q

An individual who scores low on the Individualism/Collectivism Index is most likely to

A

Think in terms of “we” instead of “I”

30
Q

What type of online content do children usually watch today?

A

YouTube and TikTok

31
Q

A high score on the Individualism/Collective Index indicates

A

A culture that encourages individual ambition.

32
Q

Which of the following statements regarding cultures that score high on the Individualism/Collectivism Index is true?

A

Personal ambition and free will are valued and encouraged in these cultures

33
Q

Which of the following statements about individuals from cultures with high Power Distance Index scores is true?

A

They tend to distrust people who are not part of their groups.

34
Q

Unlike individualistic societies, collective societies

A

link people strongly together through close-knit groups.

35
Q

Which of the following is true of cultures that have low Power Distance Index scores?

A

They usually think people should be treated equally, and they say power comes from knowledge.

36
Q

Cultures that score low on the Individualism/Collectivism Index tend to

A

subdue the individual and favor the group.

37
Q

The Blank______ Index denotes an inclination toward behavior that advances a person’s self-interest.

A

Individualism/Collectivism

38
Q

People who come from cultures with high Power Distance Index scores often say that power and social status are derived from

  1. knowledge.
  2. inheritance.
  3. social roles.
  4. manipulation.
A

2, 3 and 4

39
Q

Which of the following features are associated with cultures that score low on the Uncertainty Avoidance Index?

  1. willing to put up with people who deviate from normal behavior
  2. willing to take risks
  3. highly dislike ambiguity and avoid it when possible
  4. not much anxiety and stress
A

1, 2 and 4

40
Q

The degree to which a culture will tolerate social inequality between superiors and subordinates is measured by the

A

Power Distance Index

41
Q

Individuals from cultures that have low Power Distance Index scores

A

are likely to hold egalitarian beliefs.

42
Q

Cultures that score high on the Uncertainty Avoidance Index

A

value security and try to always follow the rules.

43
Q

Cultures that score high on the Power Distance Index

A

Are often hierarchial

44
Q

Patterns of cultural behavior and interaction that are learned and repeated are known as

A

Rituals

45
Q

Randy works for a large manufacturing company. Though he is in management, his anxiety and stress levels are low. He likes to brainstorm with his colleagues and is open to exploring new ideas and taking risks. Which of the following is true of Randy?

A

His Uncertainty Avoidance Index score is low

46
Q

The loss of various spoken languages is part of a general

A

decrease in cultural distinctiveness around the world.

47
Q

Which of the following statements about individuals from cultures with high Power Distance Index scores is true?

A

They tend to distrust people who are not part of their groups.

48
Q

The Chinese practice of Blank______ refers to a connection between people and the universe to the energy that supports life and promotes balance and peace in a person’s surroundings.

A

feng shui

49
Q

People from cultures with low Power Distance Index scores often say that ______ is a source of power.

A

Achievement

50
Q

In the context of thought processes, Asians

A

tend to see the entire picture rather than just the foreground when evaluating a situation.

51
Q

An individual with a high score on the Uncertainty Avoidance Index is most likely to

A

adhere to tested patterns of behavior.

52
Q

Which of the following statements about rituals is true?

A

The most obvious rituals take place when people are experiencing turning points in their lives.

53
Q

True or false: Marketers must be aware that their own cultures affect how they perceive other cultures.

True or False

A

T

54
Q

Which of the following is true of language?

A

Around the world, the number of spoken languages has been dwindling.

55
Q

Which of the following statements about cultural change is true?

A

A marketer assessing a society should remember that cultures are constantly changing.

56
Q

______ refers to energy that supports life and travels through everyone’s body and the environment, including the inside and outside of houses and places of employment.

A

Ch’i

57
Q

A responsible effort to learn from the cultural ways of others in the quest for a solution to a society’s problems is known as

A

cultural borrowing.

58
Q

When evaluating a situation, a Westerner is more likely to

A

focus on the central figures and not see much of the background.

59
Q

Cultures with high Uncertainty Avoidance Index scores have

A

no liking for ambiguity.

60
Q

Paying attention to the fine distinctions of culture so that it can be studied in an open-minded way, assessed, and admired is known as

A

Cultural sensitivity

61
Q

Which of the following statements regarding similarities among cultures is true?

A

Two cultures that speak the same language might interpret certain phrases or words in a very different way.

62
Q

Cultures are always changing, and yet

A

they also resist change, which is one of their fundamental attributes.

63
Q

Innovations most easily incorporated into a culture are those that

A

generate the most interest within society.

64
Q

Which of the following statements regarding cultural borrowing is true?

A

When people are introduced to a belief or practice from another culture and they approve of it, they incorporate it into their own culture.

65
Q

A marketer who practices cultural ______ is offering products that are much like what is already being sold, and the new products are offered in a way that fits into the existing culture as much as possible.

A

Congruence

66
Q

In the context of thought processes, Asians

A

tend to see the entire picture rather than just the foreground when evaluating a situation.

67
Q

Cultures that score high on the Uncertainty Avoidance Index

A

value security and try to always follow the rules.

68
Q

Which of the following is true of the similar-but-different aspect of culture?

A

It can lead people to think that cultures have more in common than they actually do.

69
Q

A culture is most likely to accept something new when Blank______.

  1. the innovation will not disrupt existing beliefs and behaviors very much
  2. the innovation is available at an unusually low price
  3. people have some reason to be quite interested in the innovation
  4. the innovation will create jobs
A

1 and 3

70
Q

Mastersource Inc., an electronics manufacturer, introduces products that resemble what is already present in the market in order to reduce cultural resistance. Mastersource Inc. is engaging in cultural

A

Congruence

71
Q

An individual with a high score on the Uncertainty Avoidance Index is most likely to

A

adhere to tested patterns of behavior.

72
Q
A

International Marketing (9 decks)

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