Chapter 4 Study Guide Questions from PP Flashcards
(20 cards)
Stomach contents are mixed using what three kinds of muscles?
Circular, longitudinal, and diagonal muscles mix stomach contents and the pyloric sphincter controls the release of chyme into the small intestine.
Salivary glands
The mouth secretes saliva. Fluid eases swallowing; salivary enzyme breaks down some carbohydrate.
Gastric glands
The stomach secretes gastric juice. Fluid mixes with bolus; hydrochloric acid uncoils proteins; enzymes break down proteins; mucus protects stomach cells.
Pancreas
The small intestine secretes pancreatic juice. Bicarbonate neutralizes acidic
gastric juices; pancreatic enzymes break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
Liver
The gallbladder secretes bile. Bile is stored until needed.
Gallbladder
The small intestine secretes bile. Bile emulsifies fat so that enzymes can have access to break it down.
Intestinal glands
The small intestine secretes intestinal juice. Intestinal enzymes break down
carbohydrate, fat, and protein fragments; mucus protects the intestinal wall.
Microbes in the GI tract
Are influenced by prebiotics and
probiotics, thus by one’s diet.
Explain vomiting and the most common side effect.
Vomiting is an adaptive body mechanism that can often result in dehydration.
What is diarrhea? What are three digestive conditions where diarrhea is a common symptom?
Diarrhea is categorized by frequent watery stools. Intestinal contents move too quickly to allow water resorption. This is a common symptom with IBS, colitis, and celiac disease.
Is constipation a disease?
Constipation is not a disease. It is a condition that can often be prevented by diet and lifestyle choices.
Which is the best explanation for the cause of intestinal gas?
Bacterial fermentation of fiber and starch in the large intestine.
Explain gastroesophageal reflux.
Gastroesophageal reflux is caused by a weakened esophageal sphincter, which causes acidic chyme to move back into the esophagus.
What is gastroesophageal reflux commonly called?
Heartburn
Digestion
Breaks down food into nutrients.
Put these order:
Esophagus
Large intestine
Rectum
Small intestine
Mouth
Anus
Stomach
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
Anus
The lumen is:
The inner space in the intestines.
The mass of chewed food is
called:
The bolus
Match these
a) Bacteria
b) Fiber
c) Undigested residues
d) The colon
With these
a) Exercise intestinal muscles
b) Absorbs water and recycles
dissolved salts
c) Ferment some fibers
d) Retains water
Bacteria -> ferment some fibers
Fiber -> retains water
Undigested residues -> exercise intestinal muscles
The colon -> absorbs water and recycles dissolved salts
Choking is caused by:
Food in the trachea
