Exam 4 Review Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are monosaccharides and disaccharides?
Monosaccharides are single sugar molecules, disaccharides are made up of two linked monosaccharides
What are the functions of carbohydrates?
Digestible carbohydrates are broken down to glucose
* Primary source of energy
* Spare protein from use as energy
* Prevent ketosis
Indigestible carbohydrates play a role in maintaining health
of the GI tract and overall health
* Prevent constipation and diverticular disease
* Enhance management of body weight, blood glucose
levels, and cholesterol levels
What is the difference between soluble and insoluble fiber?
Soluble fiber dissolves in water while insoluble fiber does not dissolve in water.
How much added sugar should we have per RDA?
Limit added sugars to no more than 10% of daily total
energy intake
Who is at the lowest risk for developing Type 2 Diabetes?
Athletes
What happens to excess sugar that is consumed?
Increased risk of weight gain and obesity due to extra energy
intake
Increased risk of cardiovascular disease
* Increased levels of triglycerides and L DL-cholesterol,
decreased levels of H DL-cholesterol
Development of dental caries
* Bacteria in the mouth metabolize sugars into acids
* Acids dissolve tooth enamel
What are the benefits of fiber?
Fiber helps prevent constipation and improves bowel health. It also feeds the good bacteria in your gut, which are important for your health. Fiber can help you feel full, which can help you avoid overeating and lose weight. Fiber can help slow the absorption of sugar into the bloodstream, which can help prevent blood sugar spikes and manage diabetes. Fiber can bind to cholesterol in the gut, preventing it from being absorbed. This can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Fiber can help fight certain types of cancer, including breast and prostate cancer.
What is the normal fasting blood glucose range?
What is lactose intolerance?
Primary lactose intolerance
* Insufficiency of lactase production
* Symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, gas, diarrhea
* Amount of lactose tolerance varies by individuals, but hard
cheeses, yogurt, and acidophilus milk are more easily tolerated
Secondary lactose intolerance
* Conditions of the small intestine such as Crohn’s disease
and diarrhea damage the lactase producing cells
* Causes temporary symptoms
What happens during digestion and absorption of carbohydrates?
What are the functions of lipids?
What is metabolic syndrome?
What is ketosis?
What happens during digestion and absorption of lipids?
What are the functions of proteins?
What is low blood glucose called?
What is high blood glucose called?
What is a complementary protein?
What does protein sparing mean?
What happens during digestion and absorption of protein?
