Chapter 40 Flashcards
How are cells organized?
Tissues, organs, organ system
What do sponges lack?
True tissues such as organs
What are the 4 mains types of animals tissues?
Epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous.
Epithelial tissues
Cover the outside of the body and line organs and cavities within the body. They function as a barrier against mechanical injury, pathogens, and fluid loss.
Connective tissue
Hold many tissues and organs together and in place. Sparse population of cells scattered through an extra cellular matrix.
Fibroblasts
Secrete fiber proteins
Macrophages
Engulf foreign proteins and any cell debris by phagocytosis
Muscle tissue
Responsible for all types of body movement. All cells contain proteins actin and myosin.
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal, smooth and cardiac.
Nerve tissue
Functions in the receipt, processing and transmission of info. Contains neurons or nerve cells and glial cells or glia.
What does a concentration of nervous tissue make up?
A brain, an information processing center.
Horomones
The signaling molecules that broadcast throughout the body by the endocrine system
Endocrine System
Well adapted for coordinating gradual changes that affect the entire body such as growth development reproduction metabolic processes and digestion
Nervous system
Well suited for directing the immediate and rapid responses to the environment such as reflexes and other rapid movements.
Regulator
Uses internal mechanisms to control internal change in the face of external fluctuation
Conformer
If it allows its internal condition to change in accordance with external changes in the variable
Homeostasis
Steady state. The maintenance of internal balance. Animals maintain a relatively constant internal environment even when the external environment changes significantly
Negative feedback
A control mechanism that reduces or damps the stimulus. For example when you exercise you sweat which controls your temperature and eliminates the stimulus.
Positive feedback
A control mechanism that amplifies rather and reduces the stimulus.
Circadian rhythm
A set of psychological changes that occur roughly ever 24 hours.
Acclimatization
The gradual process by which an animal adjusts to changes in its external environment. Don’t get this confused with adaptation.
Thermoregulation
The process by which animals maintain their body temperature within a normal range.
Endothermic
Are warmed by heat generated by metabolism. Humans.
Ectothermic
They gain most of their heat from external sources.
