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Psy 220 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

Neurons

A

Dentrites (where info travels)
Cell body
Axon
Synapse (connects to the dentrites)

100 billions

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2
Q

Myelin

A

Fat substance around axon

speeds up transmission of neural messages

associated with white matter

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3
Q

Myelination

A

Increase speed of transmitted between neurons

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4
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Spatial awareness

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5
Q

Occipital lobe

A

process visual simulates

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6
Q

Temperal lobe

A

Audio process, long term memory

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7
Q

Frontal lobe

A

decision making

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8
Q

Cerebellum

A

govern basic functions, second brain

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9
Q

Synatogensis(infant)

A

Growth of synapses

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10
Q

Synaptic pruning

A

removal of uncessary synapses

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11
Q

Cortical conncectivity

A

Brain use local, well-pruned connections extensive
short local connections are cheaper than long ones

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12
Q

Principle of growth

Cephalocadual principle

A

growth occurs in a head to tail direction

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13
Q

Principle of growth

Proximodistal principle

A

Growth and development of body begins from the center and moves outward to the extremities

Gross motor skills develop before fine motor skill

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14
Q

Principle of growth

Orthogenetic principle

A

Development starts gobally and undifferentiated
moves toward increasily differentiation and hierarchical integrations( migration)

Simple to complex

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15
Q

reflex

A

unlearned involuntary response to simulus

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16
Q

Survival reflex

A

permanent reflex

eye blinking, breathing reflex

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17
Q

primitive reflex

A

reflex present in early development but disappear as age

graping reflex, swimming reflex

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18
Q

Infant mortality

A

35% due to premature birth
25% due to labor and delivery
25% due to infections

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19
Q

Congenital malfunctions

A

Defects present at birth
Due to genetic or prenatal events

Leading cause of death: heart disease, down syndrome, spina bifida

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20
Q

Cerebral laterlaization

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A

two hemipsheres are specialized for different modes of processing

Can’t be left brain or right brain since brain uses a lot of energy

Left: Analytical, control right side, language
Right: Space, motor, emotional, control left side

21
Q

Physical behavior

Toddlers

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A

Capable of controlling their movements in relation to a stationary world

22
Q

Phsyical behavior

Children

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A

Master the ability to move capably in a changing envrionment

23
Q

Adolescent brain development

Grey matter(Made up of cell bodies)

Study These Flashcards
A

Increases, peaks, and decrease throughout the teen years

24
Q

Adolsecent brain development

White matter (Made up of clusters of axons)

Study These Flashcards
A

Increases linearly

25
# Endocrine system Pituitary gland ## Footnote (Most important gland in the brain)
Controlled by the hypothalamus produces growth hormone
26
# Endocrine system Thyroid Gland
Throid deficiency during pregnancy can negative impact brain devleopment ## Footnote Gland that's in the throat
27
Endocrine System
Plays role in regulating male and female hormones ## Footnote Simulate productions of growth hormones -> physical maturation
28
# Sexual Maturation(Tanner scale) Adrenarche
Circulation of adrenal hormones Contributes to secondary sex characteristics(pubic and underarm hair)
29
# Sexual Maturation(Tanner scale) Menarche
First menstruation typically ages between 11 - 15 ## Footnote Early today than before due to environment and nutritions
30
# Sexual Maturation(Tanner scale) Semenarche
Boy's first ejaculation around age 13
31
# Traumatic Brain Injury(TBI) Concussion
Brief loss of brain function due to a hit or blow to the head ## Footnote Symptoms include: Headache, Sensitivty to light and sounds, feeling dizzy, slow reaction time
32
Chronic Traumatic Ecenphalopathy(CTE)
A progressive degnerative brain disease that occurs as a consequence of reptitive mild TBI | Brain actually starts to shrink ## Footnote Symptoms: Implusivity, aggression, depression, short-term memory loss, Symptoms typically begin 8 - 10 years after repetitive TBI
33
# Theories of aging Progammed theories of aging
Emphasize the systematic genetic control of aging processes ## Footnote Max lifespan relate to decrease in telomere(things at the end of cells)
34
# Theories of aging Random error theories of aging
Call attention to more haphazard process that cause errors in cells to accumulate and organ systems to deteriorate | Gradually deteriorate of the cells ## Footnote Exposure to free radical
35
# Reproductive system in adulthood Perimenopause
Genital organ change begins in the 40s
36
# Reproductive system in adulthood Menopause
End of female reproductive system
37
# Reproductive system in adulthood Andropause
Reduction of libeo, decline in testosterone ## Footnote Mark of male genetial change
38
Premenstrual Syndrome
Caused by fluctuations in estrogens and progesterone levels | Changes in hormones during menstrual cycle ## Footnote Symptoms include: Bloating, headache, moodiness, breast tenderness
39
Premenstrual dysphoric Disorder
affects 2% - 3% of women Includes affective symptoms in addition to the physical symptoms assoicated with menstruation | Severe form of PMS
40
Osteoarthritis
Wear and tear disease | (curved spine) ## Footnote Leading cause of bone loss
41
Rheumatoid arthritis
Destructive joint disease that devleops suddenly
42
Ways to combat bone loss
1. high diet in calcium and Vitamin D 2. No smoking and avoid second hand smoke 3. Weight exercise
43
Cardiovascular disease
- Heart attack - Stiffen of arteries - Stroke - High blood pressure - Congestive heart failure( most common)
44
Emphysema
Destruction of the membranes around the air sacs in the lungs ## Footnote 82% caused by smoking
45
Chronic bronchitis
Common with people over 45, exposure to dust, fumes, and air pollutions
46
Age-related changes in Neurons
- Size and number of dentrites decreases - number of synapses decrease - tangles develop in axon fibers
47
Age-related changes in Neurotransmitters
- Declining levels of dopamine -> poorer memory and performance on task that require fast processing - Seotonin and acetylcholine decline with age
48
Age related changes in brain strucutures
- White matter are less well organized - Myelin loss - Grey matter volume shrinks

Psy 220 (9 decks)

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