Chapter 5

Question 1

What is the type of dominance where one allele completely overwhelms the other?

Answer 1

complete dominance

Question 2

What is the type of dominance where the heterozygote has characteristics between homozygotes

Answer 2

incomplete dominance

Question 3

What is the type of dominance where both characteristics are expressed?

Answer 3

codominance

Question 4

What gene causes cystic fibraosis

Answer 4

cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator

Question 5

What is the phenomenon where a genotype does not produce the expected phenotype?

Answer 5

incomplete penetrance

Question 6

What is the term that refers to the percentage of individual organisms that have a particular genotype expressing the expected phenotype?

Answer 6

penetrance

Question 7

What word means the degree to which a trait is expressed?

Answer 7

expressivity

Question 8

What are alleles that cause death at an early stage of development?

Answer 8

lethal alleles

Question 9

What word refers to a person having two different alleles at a locus causing a recessive phenotype?

Answer 9

compound heterozygote

Question 10

What word refers to the type of interaction between genes at different loci?

Answer 10

gene interaction

Question 11

What word refers to the phenomenon where one gene masks the effect of another gene?

Answer 11

epistasis

Question 12

What is the word for the gene who does the masking?

Answer 12

Epistatic gene

Question 13

What is the word for the masked gene?

Answer 13

hypostatic gene

Question 14

What test involves crossing heterozygotes to determine if recessive alleles are allelic or not?

Answer 14

complementation test

Question 15

What word refers to characteristics that are determined by autosomal genes but are expressed differently in males and females?

Answer 15

sex-influenced characteristics

Question 16

What characteristics are encoded by autosomal genes that are expressed in only one sex?

Answer 16

sex-limited characteristics

Question 17

What word refers to characteristics encoded in the cytoplasm?

Answer 17

cytoplasmic inheritance

Question 17

What is the effect where genes are gathered from the father and the mother, but the mother’s genotype determines the phenotype?

Answer 17

Genetic maternal effect

Question 18

What term refers to a different expression of genetic material depending on its origin from the male or female parent?

Answer 18

genomic imprinting

Question 19

Changes to the DNA structure that determines the expression of genes

Answer 19

epigenetics

Question 20

What is the phenomenon where genetic traits become expressed in a stronger way or at an earlier time as generations go by?

Answer 20

anticipation

Question 21

What is an allele that changes expression depending on the temperature?

Answer 21

temperature-sensitive allele

Question 22

What word means a trait that can be caused by environmental factors with the same result as genetic factors?

Answer 22

phenocopy

Question 23

Characteristics which have a few easily distinguished phenotypes

Answer 23

discontinuous characteristics

Question 24

Characteristics that have a wide spectra of phenotypes

Answer 24

continuous characteristics

Question 25

What is another word for continuous characteristics?

Answer 25

quantitative characteristics

Question 26

What word refers to characteristics encoded by genes at many loci?

Answer 26

polygenic characteristics

Question 27

What word refers to the ability of one gene to affect multiple characteristics?

Answer 27

pleiotropy

Question 28

What characteristics are influenced by environmental and polygenic factors?

Answer 28

multifactorial characteristics