Chapter 5 Flashcards
(50 cards)
What is catabolism
Enzyme regulated chemical reactions that release energy (the breakdown of complex organic compounds into smaller compounds)
What is a metabolism
The sum of all chemical reactions within a living organism
What is anabolism
Enzyme regulated energy requiring reactions (build complex organic molecules from simpler ones)
What are metabolic pathways
Sequences of chemical reactions
What is activation energy
Collision energy required for a chemical reaction
What is a reaction rate
Frequency of collisions containing sufficient energy to bring about a reaction
What is a catalyst
Substance that speed up chemical reactions
What is an enzyme
Biological catalyst
What is a substrate
Specific substrate for a specific enzyme
What is an enzyme-substrate complex
When enzyme orients the substrate into a position that increases the probability of a reaction
What is a turnover number
Maximum number of substrate molecules an enzyme molecule converts to product each second
What is an apoenzyme
Protein portion of an enzyme
What is a cofactors
A nonprotein component
What is a coenzyme
Is a cofactors is an organic molecule
What is a haloenzyme
Whole enzyme (apoenzyme + cofactor)
What is CoA
Synthesize and breakdown fats
What is denaturation
Loss of structure due to heat
What does saturated mean
All active sites are occupied
What are competitive inhibitors
Fill active site of an enzyme and competes with normal substrate
What is a noncompetitive inhibitor
Don’t compete with substrate. Interacts with another portion of the enzyme
What is allosteric inhibition
Binds to site other than the substrates binding site
What is feedback inhibition
Stops cell from making more substances than it needs
What is a ribozyme
RNA that functions like protein enzymes
What is oxidation
Removal of electrons
