Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Microbiology And Immunology > Exam 3 - 14-16 > Flashcards

Exam 3 - 14-16 Flashcards

(105 cards)

Start Studying
0
Q

What are transient microbiota

A

Stays in a region for variable amount of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What are normal microbiota

A

Specific to a certain region of the body and nonpathogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are microbial antagonism

A

Normal microbiota inhibiting growth of pathogenic microbiota

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is symbiosis

A

Relationship between micro organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is commensalism

A

Host benefits but parasite is unaffected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is mutualism

A

Both host and parasite mutually benefit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is parasitism

A

Parasite benefits and host is affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an opportunistic pathogen

A

A normal micro organism becoming pathogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the syndrome

A

Signs and symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Koch’s postulates

A

Inoculate disease from dead animal. Culture plus microscope to identify. Inject lab animal with pure culture. Culture new animals disease plus microscope to identify.
If they match then you found a disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are signs

A

What you see you

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are symptoms

A

What you feel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a communicable disease

A

Spreads from one organism to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a contagious disease

A

Easily spreads from one organism to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a non-communicable disease

A

Doesn’t always cause disease or symptoms. Not from people i.e. doorknob

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a sporadic disease

A

And outbreak that pops up occasionally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an endemic disease

A

Disease that is constantly present in an environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is an epidemic disease

A

Widespread disease in a given area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a pandemic disease

A

Widespread disease around the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does acute mean

A

Short and sudden

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does chronic mean

A

Slow and long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does sub acute mean

A

Between acute and chronic. Intermediate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does latent mean

A

Disease that is dormant and arises suddenly due to stress in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is incidence

A

Number of people with the disease in a given area at a given time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
What is prevalence
Percent chance of infection in any given population
25
What is herd immunity
When few animals are vaccinated the rest end up becoming immune due to low incidence
26
What is local infection
In a limited area of the body
27
What is systemic infection
The whole body is affected
28
What is focal infection
Started in one area but moves to another
29
What is sepsis
Information from the spread of microbes that may or may not be toxic
30
What is bacteremia
Bacteria in the blood
31
What is toxemia
Toxins in the blood
32
What is virusemia
Viruses in the blood
33
What is the primary infection
The first infection you
34
What is secondary infection
Secondary infection that occurs due to immunocompromised health
35
What are the four predisposing factors for disease
Temperature, age, stress, lifestyle
36
What is a subclinical infection
And asymptomatic infection. The carrier
37
What are the five stages of disease and describe each one
Incubation period: asymptomatic. Prodromal.: Mild symptoms. Period of illness: very sick. Period of decline: almost not sick. Period of convalescence: not sick anymore.
38
What is a reservoir
A source of an infection
39
What is a carrier
Infected individual but asymptomatic
40
What is a vector
The source of infection i.e. fleas
41
What is a zoonosis
Disease transmissible from animal to human and vice versa
42
What is a nonliving reservoir
I.e. soil
43
What is contact transmission
When one animals body fluids are going into another mucous membrane
44
What is indirect transmission
Nonliving reservoir
45
What is a fomite
I.e. doorknob
46
What is droplet transmission
Spread by droplets
47
What is waterborne transmission
Carried by water
48
What is airborne transmission
Carried by air
49
What is mechanical transmission
Transmission by touching IE fly
50
What is biological transmission
Blood touching infected blood IE mosquito
51
What is nosocomical
Disease coming from a clinic
52
What is a compromise host
A host that has a change in homeostasis
53
What is epidemiology
Study of disease transmission
54
What is morbidity
The incidence of disease. To which extent the disease affects you
55
What is mortality.
The incidence of death from a disease
56
What is Virulence
Degree of pathogenicity
57
What are the portals of transmission
Skin, mucous membranes, umbilical cord
58
What is the preferred portal of entry
Specific to bacteria. If it is not the preferred portal and it will not make you sick
59
What is id50
Quantity of bacteria that gets you sick.
60
What is LD50
Amount of bacteria that is required to be the lethal dose for 50% of host cells
61
What is adherence
Organisms that attach to host
62
What are adhesians
Ligans. Molecule in host that allows attachment of bacteria
63
What is a biofilm
Produce a sticky substance that increases adherence
64
What do bacteria do to affect penetration
``` Capsule, cell wall components Enzymes Antigenic variation Cytoskeleton penetration ```
65
What is an M protein
Resistant to host defences
66
What are coagulases
Break down components of clots
67
What are kinases
Breakdown components of clots
68
What are hyaluronidase
Break down connective tissue
69
What is iga protease
Beaks down antibodies
70
What is antigenic variation
When bacteria change proteins on their surface
71
What do invasions do
Affect cytoskeleton of cells
72
What do siderophores do
Steal host iron
73
What does direct damage to host cells
Multiplication inside of them until they rupture
74
What is an endotoxins from
Part of microbe
75
What is an exotoxins
Released by bacteria
76
What is innate immunity
Nonspecific, born with it
77
What is adaptive immunity
Specific. Acquired
78
What is the first line of defense
How it gets in. Nonspecific physical and chemical surface barriers
79
What is the second line of defense
Nonspecific intercellular and chemical defense
80
What is the third line of defense
Immune response
81
What is chemo taxis
Moving towards chemicals
82
What are toll like receptors
Receptors found on the cells of a host
83
What is PAMP
Molecules on Invadir that allows body to recognize that it's foreign
84
What are the surface barriers
Skin, mucous membranes
85
What are the internal defense
Phagocytes, natural killer cells, inflammation, antimicrobial proteins, fever
86
What is humoral immunity
B cells
87
What is cellular immunity
T cells
88
What is the ciliary elevator
Cilia moves mucus up the respiratory tract
89
What is the normal microbiota
Having normal microbiota inhibits growth of abnormal microbiota
90
What are the three granulocytes
Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
91
What are the three agranulocyte's
Lymphocytes, monocytes, Dendridic cells
92
What is the function of the lymphatic system
Drain fluid from tissues
93
What are the four stages of inflammation
Tissue damage, vasodilation, phagocytosis, tissue repair
94
What is diapedesis
Movement of leukocytes out of the capillories between epithelial cells
95
What effect does vasodilation have on the body
Increased blood flow, increased metabolic rate
96
What is kinins
Chemicals that cause vasodilation and increased permeability
97
Where are prostaglandins released by and what are they do
Damage to cells, help Phagocytes movement
98
What do leukotrienes do
Help blood get anti-inflammatories
99
What is the purpose of the fever
Macro phages secrete pyrogens which cause the liver and spleen to give up iron and zinc which is necessary for growth
100
What is opsonization
The coating of a pathogen to enhance phagocytosis
101
What is inflammation
Triggers vasodilation and chemo taxis
102
What is Cytolysis
Injection into pathogen cell membrane (MAC molecule) that creates pores
103
What do interferons do
Proteins released by the virus-infected cells which prevent viral replication in other host cells
104
What do you iron binding proteins do and which are they
Find iron so bacteria cannot have it. Transferon, lactoferon, feratin, hemoglobin

Microbiology And Immunology (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions